[Insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in different glucose tolerance status].

The objective of this work was to investigate the insulin sensitivity (SI) and the beta cell function (BCF) in different glucose tolerance statuses in a comparative cross-sectional study. Eighty-four patients with different glucose tolerance statues were classified as normoglicemic-control group (NC) patients without family history of type 2 diabetes (DM2) or hypertension (HTN); normoglicemic-patients with familiar history of DM2 or HTN (FPDM2); patients with glucose intolerance (IGT group) and patients with diagnostic of DM2 <10 years (DM2 group). In each patient was obtained a clinical history and an oral glucose tolerance test (75 g) was performed. Glucose (GOD-PAP) and insulin (RIA) were quantified. Insulin Sensitivity (IS) (Whole Body Insulin Sensitivity Index), Insulin resistance (IR) (HOMA) and BCF (insulinogenic index) were evaluated. The statistical analysis was realized in SPSS v. 10.0. It was found that glucose was similar among NC, FPDM2 and IGT groups. Insulin was higher in the FPDM2 (26.71 +/- 22.25 microU/mL), and IGT (34.10 +/- 34.98 microU/mL) in comparison with NC (22.83 +/- 21.26 microU/mL) (p < 0.01). IS was different among NC and IGT group (0.74 +/- 0.43 to 0.29 +/- 0.18, p < 0.05) and among IGT and DM2 (0.29 +/- 0.18 to 0.86 +/- 0.55, p < 0.001). BCF was different among the DM2 and NC (0.051 +/- 0.05 to 1.28 +/- 1.99 microU.mL/mg.dL, p < 0.05), DM2 and FPDM2 group (0.051 +/- 0.05 to 1.23 +/- 1.51 microU.mL/mg.dL, p < 0.01), DM2 and IGT (0.051 +/- 0.05 to 2.64 +/- 2.22 microU.mL/mg.dL, p < 0.001). SI was inversely related to corporal weight and IMC (r = -0.38, p = 0.001 and r = -0.33, p = 0.004, respectively). BCF was related to age (r = -0.27, p = 0.016), the area under curve of glucose (r = -0.30, p = 0.010) and body weight (r = 0.34, p = 0.002). In conclusion, the decrease of glucose tolerance was associated with the lowering of Insulin Sensitivity (IS). The beta cell function (FCB) was lower in the diabetic patients group in comparison with the TGA and FPDM2 groups. These measurements need to be included in patients with high risk for early identification and changes in life style to protect the normal functioning of beta cell and to prevent the onset of IGT or DM2.