Faster flow quantification using sensitivity encoding for velocity-encoded cine magnetic resonance imaging: in vitro and in vivo validation.

Purpose: To test the agreement between conventional and sensitivity-encoded (SENSE) velocity encoded cine (VEC) MRI in a flow phantom and in subjects with congenital and acquired heart disease.

Materials And Methods: Flow measurements were performed in a 1.5 T scanner using a segmented k-space VEC MRI sequence and then repeated with a SENSE factor of 2. The flow phantom used a piston pump to generate physiologic arterial waveforms (0.5-4.9 L/min). In the subjects, flow measurements were performed in the ascending aorta (N = 33) and/or the main pulmonary artery (N = 24).

Results: Utilization of SENSE reduced the scan time by 50%. In the phantom, measurements without and with SENSE agreed closely with a mean difference of 0.01 +/- 0.08 L/min or 0.12% +/- 3.8% (P = 0.68). In the subjects, measurements without and with SENSE also agreed closely with a mean difference of 0.08 +/- 0.36 L/min or 1.3% +/- 7.2% (P = 0.08). Compared with standard imaging, the use of SENSE reduced the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by 28% in the phantom (N = 10) and 27% in vivo (N = 22).

Conclusion: VEC MRI flow measurements with a SENSE factor of 2 were twice as fast and agreed closely with the conventional technique in vitro and in vivo. VEC MRI with SENSE can be used for rapid and reliable quantification of blood flow.