Exosomes are membrane vesicles that are released by cells upon fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. Their molecular composition reflects their origin in endosomes as intraluminal vesicles. In addition to a common set of membrane and cytosolic molecules, exosomes harbor unique subsets of proteins linked to cell type-associated functions. Exosome secretion participates in the eradication of obsolete proteins but several findings, essentially in the immune system, indicate that exosomes constitute a potential mode of intercellular communication. Release of exosomes by tumor cells and their implication in the propagation of unconventional pathogens such as prions suggests their participation in pathological situations. These findings open up new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.
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Hepatoma cell-derived exosomal SNORD52 mediates M2 macrophage polarization by activating the JAK2/STAT6 pathway.
Discov Oncol
January 2025
Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Splenic Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), No.999 Donghai Road, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China.
Background: A recent study revealed the oncogenic role of box C/D small nucleolar RNA 52 (SNORD52) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by facilitating the aggressive phenotypes of hepatoma cells. However, the potential role of exosomal SNORD52 in macrophage polarization during HCC progression remains poorly understood.
Methods: Exosomes were isolated from hepatoma cells.
SHED-Derived Exosomes Ameliorate Sjögren's Syndrome-Induced Hyposalivation by Suppressing Th1 Cell Response via the miR-29a-3p/T-bet Axis.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Center Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
: Sjögren's syndrome (SS), an autoimmune disease, was characterized by sicca syndrome and systemic manifestations, presenting significant treatment challenges. Exosomes, naturally derived nanoparticles containing bioactive molecules, have garnered interest in regenerative medicine. The present study aimed to elucidate the immunoregulatory properties and mechanism of exosomes obtained from the stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED-exos) in SS-induced sialadenitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentification of pyrimidine metabolism-based molecular subtypes and prognostic signature to predict immune landscape and guide clinical treatment in prostate cancer.
Ann Med
December 2025
Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Background: We previously described the enrichment of plasma exosome metabolites in CRPC, PCa, and TFC cohorts, and found significant differences in pyrimidine metabolites. The PMGs is associated with the clinical prognosis of several cancers, but its biological role in PCa is still unclear.
Methods: This study extracted 98 reliable PMGs, and analyzed their somatic mutations, expression levels, and prognostic significance.
Valosin-containing protein (VCP), a component of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles, impairs the barrier integrity of brain microvascular endothelial cells.
BBA Adv
December 2024
University of São Paulo, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
Metastases are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and their origin is not fully elucidated. Recently, studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly small extracellular vesicles (sEV), can disrupt the homeostasis of organs, promoting the development of a secondary tumor. However, the role of sEV in brain endothelium and their association with metastasis related to breast cancer is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTargeted Delivery of BMS-1166 for Enhanced Breast Cancer Immunotherapy.
Int J Nanomedicine
January 2025
College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Background: Cancer immunotherapy has achieved great success in breast cancer treatment in recent years. The Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) /Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint pathway is among the most studied. BMS-1166, a PD-L1 inhibitor, can interfere with PD-1 and PD-L1 interaction.
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