An in vitro ultrastructural study was carried out on tissue cultures (J774, murine macrophage-like tumour cell line, and BHK-21, baby hamster kidney cell line) persistently infected with C. burnetii to investigate whether the events of cellular differentiation could be visualized. At a given stage of the developmental cycle, a proportion of the cells within the affected phagolysosomes clearly underwent cellular differentiation. The cells initially showed asymmetrical septation, the primary stage of cellular differentiation, and ended with the formation of the differentiated product, a precursor to the small cell. The results verified our initial observation that the events occurring during growth in a phagolysosome represent stages of a complex developmental cycle consisting not only of i) vegetative growth by typical transverse binary fission, but also ii) cellular differentiation.
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