When a funduscopic examination is the clue of maltreatment diagnostic.

Objective: : To report a case of unexpected shaken baby syndrome, the diagnosis of which was possible after an incidental funduscopic examination.

Methods: : Observational case report. An infant was to be sent back home with an apparent unprovoked seizure diagnosis when a funduscopic examination was made because of an incidental research study changing the diagnostic orientation.

Results: : Extensive bilateral subretinal hemorrhages in the funduscopic examination allowed shaken baby syndrome unexpected diagnosis. A funduscopic examination is not usually included in the first seizure diagnosis management, even when a retinal bleeding could be present and be the clue for its causative diagnosis.

Conclusion: : We recommend having in mind the practice of a funduscopic examination in all children with a first apparently unprovoked seizure.