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Structure of the catalytic domain of the hepatitis C virus NS2-3 protease. | LitMetric

Structure of the catalytic domain of the hepatitis C virus NS2-3 protease.

Nature

Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA.

Published: August 2006

AI Article Synopsis

  • Hepatitis C virus impacts around 170 million people globally, leading to serious health issues like cirrhosis and liver cancer, with no available vaccine and limited treatment success.
  • The viral genome encodes a polyprotein that is processed by two essential proteases, NS2-3 and NS3-4A, critical for virus replication, but the exact function of NS2-3 has not been fully understood.
  • The study reveals the crystal structure of the NS2-3 protease, showing a unique dimeric form and providing new insights for potential antiviral drug development.

Article Abstract

Hepatitis C virus is a major global health problem affecting an estimated 170 million people worldwide. Chronic infection is common and can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. There is no vaccine available and current therapies have met with limited success. The viral RNA genome encodes a polyprotein that includes two proteases essential for virus replication. The NS2-3 protease mediates a single cleavage at the NS2/NS3 junction, whereas the NS3-4A protease cleaves at four downstream sites in the polyprotein. NS3-4A is characterized as a serine protease with a chymotrypsin-like fold, but the enzymatic mechanism of the NS2-3 protease remains unresolved. Here we report the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of the NS2-3 protease at 2.3 A resolution. The structure reveals a dimeric cysteine protease with two composite active sites. For each active site, the catalytic histidine and glutamate residues are contributed by one monomer, and the nucleophilic cysteine by the other. The carboxy-terminal residues remain coordinated in the two active sites, predicting an inactive post-cleavage form. Proteolysis through formation of a composite active site occurs in the context of the viral polyprotein expressed in mammalian cells. These features offer unexpected insights into polyprotein processing by hepatitis C virus and new opportunities for antiviral drug design.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04975DOI Listing

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