NRL (neural retina leucine zipper) is a key basic motif-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, which orchestrates rod photoreceptor differentiation by activating the expression of rod-specific genes. The deletion of Nrl in mice results in functional cones that are derived from rod precursors. However, signaling pathways modulating the expression or activity of NRL have not been elucidated. Here, we show that retinoic acid (RA), a diffusible factor implicated in rod development, activates the expression of NRL in serum-deprived Y79 human retinoblastoma cells and in primary cultures of rat and porcine photoreceptors. The effect of RA is mimicked by TTNPB, a RA receptor agonist, and requires new protein synthesis. DNaseI footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) using bovine retinal nuclear extract demonstrate that RA response elements (RAREs) identified within the Nrl promoter bind to RA receptors. Furthermore, in transiently transfected Y79 and HEK293 cells the activity of Nrl-promoter driving a luciferase reporter gene is induced by RA, and this activation is mediated by RAREs. Our data suggest that signaling by RA via RA receptors regulates the expression of NRL, providing a framework for delineating early steps in photoreceptor cell fate determination.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1592579 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M605500200 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Retinoic Acid Regulates Allergic Inflammation via Limiting Mast Cell Activation.
Food Sci Nutr
January 2025
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health Jilin University Changchun China.
BackgroundAllergic diseases have become one of the major public health problems to be addressed in the world today. As a tissue resident cell, mast cells are crucial in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Vitamin A is an important fat-soluble vitamin with immunomodulatory functions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActivation of Immune Responses Through the RIG-I Pathway Using TRITC-Dextran Encapsulated Nanoparticles.
Immune Netw
December 2024
Department of KONKUK-KIST Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are highly conserved motifs originating from microorganisms that act as ligands for pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which are crucial for defense against pathogens. Thus, PAMP-mimicking vaccines may induce potent immune activation and provide broad-spectrum protection against microbes. Dextran encapsulation can regulate the surface characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs) and induces their surface modification.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[High mobility group protein B1(HMGB1) promotes myeloid dendritic cell maturation and increases Th17 cell/Treg cell ratio in patients with immune primary thrombocytopenia].
Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi
January 2025
Hematologic Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Wulumuqi 830011, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:
Objective This study investigated the regulatory effect of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) in the peripheral blood of patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) on myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) and Th17/regulatory T cells (Treg) balance. Methods The study enrolled 30 newly diagnosed ITP patients and 30 healthy controls.Flow cytometry was used to measure the proportion of mDC, Th17, and Treg cells in the peripheral blood of ITP patients and healthy controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Significance of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 in Cancers.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
The goal of this paper is to discuss the role of ALDH isozymes in different cancers, review advances in ALDH1-targeting cancer therapies, and explore a mechanism that explains how ALDH expression becomes elevated during cancer development. ALDH is often overexpressed in cancer, and each isoform has a unique expression pattern and a distinct role in different cancers. The abnormal expression of ALDHs in different cancer types (breast, colorectal, lung, gastric, cervical, melanoma, prostate, and renal) is presented and correlated with patient prognosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRNA-Seq and ATAC-Seq Reveal CYP26A1-Mediated Regulation of Retinoic Acid-Induced Meiosis in Chicken Primordial Germ Cells.
Animals (Basel)
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Retinoic acid (RA) plays a critical role in initiating meiosis in primordial germ cells (PGC), yet the specific mechanisms of its interaction with PGC remain unclear. In this study, we used an in vitro feeder-free culture system with chicken PGC as a model to explore the mechanisms by which RA induces the entry of PGC into meiosis. Results demonstrated that exogenous RA treatment altered the cell cycle distribution of PGC, significantly increasing the proportion of cells in the G1 phase and decreasing those in the G2 phase, suggesting that RA may promote the transition of PGC from proliferation to differentiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!