A human fetal bronchial epithelial cell line (HFBE) grew in an undifferentiated pattern under conventional culture conditions. Despite a somewhat fibroblastic shape the cells maintained immunoreactivity to cytokeratin, carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen. When grown on a collagen gel in a growth-hormone-supplemented medium, their spindle shape became more conspicuous. With an additional supplement of vitamin A (6 micrograms/ml), most of the cells underwent differentiation by producing many bright inclusion bodies which proved to be strongly positive with periodic acid-Schiff and weakly positive with alcian blue staining. Electron microscopy revealed a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, an enlarged Golgi apparatus and many highly electron-dense secretory granules resembling those of Clara cells. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that HFBE cells cultured on collagen gel with vitamin A secreted hyaluronic acid and neutral glycoproteins containing mainly N-linked glycoproteins whose glycans were of a complex type. A monoclonal antibody (SEC-41) generated against the neutral glycoproteins detected a glycoprotein of approximately 52 kDa in the spent culture medium of differentiated HFBE cells. This antibody also reacted with the intracytoplasmic secretory granules in these cells. When tested on frozen sections of lung tissue, the immunohistochemical reactivity of the SEC-41 antibody was confined to Clara cells, some type II pneumocytes in the adult lung, and respiratory epithelial cells in the fetal lung. Moreover, this antibody could detect secretory glycoprotein in broncho-alveolar lavages from two patients. This paper clearly demonstrates that cells derived from human fetal bronchial epithelium can be cultivated in an undifferentiated precursor state and, under appropriate culture conditions, can be stimulated to undergo differentiation into a Clara cell type.
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Curr Environ Health Rep
January 2025
AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA, PA.
Purpose Of Review: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent chemicals with many modern applications, leading to widespread contamination and universal human exposure. PFAS exposure during early life is of particular concern, given susceptibility of the developing fetal and infant brain to toxic exposures. This review aims to synthesize current evidence, discuss methodological challenges, and highlight research gaps to guide future studies on the impact of PFAS on neurodevelopment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatr Cardiol
January 2025
Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Approximately 1% of all live births in the USA are affected by congenital heart disease (CHD), the leading cause of congenital defect-related illness and infant death. Although technological innovations have improved CHD diagnosis in utero, variation among fetal cardiac counseling practices persists. Our study aims to evaluate physician counseling content based on cardiac defect complexity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
January 2025
Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Sulfated progesterone metabolites (PMxS) increase during gestation and are raised further in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), a disorder characterised by pruritus and elevated serum bile acids. PMxS interact with bile acid receptor G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1) to cause itch. We investigated whether PMxS could undergo enterohepatic recycling and stimulate intestinal GPBAR1-mediated release of gut hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Med Genet A
January 2025
The Cain Pediatric Neurology Research Foundation Laboratories, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.
5q14.3 microdeletion syndrome (MIM#613443) is a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) involving copy number loss of multiple genes including Myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) gene in the q14.3 region of chromosome 5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Obstet Gynaecol Res
February 2025
University of Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Aim: To evaluate the fetal aortic isthmus (AoI) diameter and flow in pregnant women diagnosed with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).
Methods: In this prospective case-control study, fetal AoI diameter and Doppler measurements were performed in the ICP group (n: 30) and the control group (n: 42). Clinical characteristics, fetal AoI diameter and Doppler measurements, serum bile acid levels, liver enzyme levels, and obstetric and perinatal outcomes were compared between the groups.
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