The antimycotic activity of amphotericin B (AmB) depends on its ability to make complexes sterols to form ion channels that cause membrane leakage. To study this phenomenon, surface pressure (pi) as a function of surface area (A) and pi-A hysteresis were measured in monolayers of AmB-cholesterol mixtures on the water-air interface. The most stable monolayers were produced from molecules of AmB and cholesterol with 2:1 stoichiometry. At this ratio, AmB and cholesterol interact to form ion channels in lipid bilayers with millisecond dwell times and conductances of 4-400 pS. The AmB-cholesterol complexes assemble in three, four, etc., subunit aggregates to form ion channels of diverse and large-conductances. Their I-V characteristics were linear over a range of +/-200 mV. The channel currents were inhibited by the addition of tetraethylammonium (TEA), potassium channel blocker, to the cis-side of the membrane. Likewise, AmB-cholesterol complexes reconstituted in membrane-coated nanoporous silicon dioxide surfaces showed single channel behavior with large amplitudes at various voltages. Large-conductance ion channels show great promise for use in biosensors on solid supports.
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