The Schulz-Snyder iterative algorithm for phase retrieval attempts to recover a nonnegative function from its autocorrelation by minimizing the I-divergence between a measured autocorrelation and the autocorrelation of the estimated image. We illustrate that the Schulz-Snyder algorithm can become trapped in a local minimum of the I-divergence surface. To show that the estimates found are indeed local minima, sufficient conditions involving the gradient and the Hessian matrix of the I-divergence are given. Then we build a brief proof showing how an estimate that satisfies these conditions is a local minimum. The conditions are used to perform numerical tests determining local minimality of estimates. Along with the tests, related numerical issues are examined, and some interesting phenomena are discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.23.001835 | DOI Listing |
Front Toxicol
December 2024
Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.
Microplastics (MPs) and other anthropogenic particles (APs) are pervasive environmental contaminants found throughout marine and aquatic environments. We quantified APs in the edible tissue of black rockfish, lingcod, Chinook salmon, Pacific herring, Pacific lamprey, and pink shrimp, comparing AP burdens across trophic levels and between vessel-retrieved and retail-purchased individuals. Edible tissue was digested and analyzed under a microscope, and a subset of suspected APs was identified using spectroscopy (μFTIR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMultiple physiological changes occur during the menstrual cycle; many are attributed to fluctuations in estrogen, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and progesterone. These hormones differentially affect the menstrual cycle's follicular, ovulation, and luteal phases. Skin is one of the organs affected by changes in a woman's menstrual cycle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Retrograde ejaculation (RE) consists of the reflux backwards, towards the bladder, of the ejaculate, during the emission phase of ejaculation, causing a total or partial absence of sperm emission, with the consequent diversion of semen into the bladder during the emission phase of ejaculation. Evaluating the ejaculate may not be sufficient for identifying RE in some patients. Hence, the management of infertility may involve the use of invasive methods such as epididymal fluid retrieval or testicular biopsy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Université de Brest, UBO, LATIM, UMR 1101, Brest, France.
Background: From several decades, the evolutions of the Incidence Rate (IR) of Primary Knee Arthroplasties are continuously increasing worldwide and have been widely studied in several countries. Some recent works have highlighted the fact that the IR is following a sigmoid curve composed of an exponential growth followed by a linear phase and finished by a plateau. Our objective is to assess the IR evolution of eleven European countries, representing thus a large proportion of this continent, regarding this sigmoid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Med Res Methodol
January 2025
Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, P.O Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa.
Background: The majority of phase 3 clinical trials are implemented in multiple sites or centres, which inevitably leads to a correlation between observations from the same site or centre. This correlation must be carefully considered in both the design and the statistical analysis to ensure an accurate interpretation of the results and reduce the risk of biased results. This scoping review aims to provide a detailed statistical method used to analyze data collected from multicentre HIV randomized controlled trials in the African region.
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