Clefts of the lip, alveolus, and/or palate, which are called orofacial clefts (OFC), occur in 0.5 to 3 per 1000 live and stillbirths. The pathogenesis of these congenital malformations remains largely unknown, but evidence is increasing that both nutritional and genetic factors are involved. Unlike genetic factors, nutritional causes can be corrected and may therefore contribute to the prevention of OFC. The goal of this review is to summarize the embryogenesis and genes involved in OFC, and to give an overview of the nutrients and related genes in humans. Improving our knowledge of the role of nutrition, genes, and their interactions in the pathogenesis of OFC may stimulate the development of nutritional interventions for OFC prevention in the future.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00211.x | DOI Listing |
Funct Plant Biol
January 2025
National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), NARC, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan.
Rice (Oryza sativa ) is a crucial staple crop worldwide, providing nutrition to more than half of the global population. Nonetheless, the sustainability of grain production is increasingly jeopardized by both biotic and abiotic stressors exacerbated by climate change, which increases the crop's rvulnerability to pests and diseases. Genome-editing by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated Protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) presents a potential solution for enhancing rice productivity and resilience under climatic stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA, Miami, FL, USA.
Background: Prior studies have shown differences in the genetic etiology and clinical presentation of Alzheimer's Disease across populations. For example, for multiple genetic loci associated with AD, effect sizes can vary drastically between individuals of different ancestral backgrounds. Few investigations into differences in epigenetic features like DNA methylation have been conducted in AD, particularly in diverse individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Background: Recent advances in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) research have emphasized the importance of recruiting from diverse populations. Notably, African-descent individuals have an almost doubled risk of developing AD compared to European-descent individuals. Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have advanced the analysis of non-coding variants by integrating gene expression with GWAS data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhysiol Genomics
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
We examined the effects of a 20-week exercise intervention on whole-blood genome-wide DNA methylation signature and its association with the exercise-induced changes in gene expression profiles in boys and girls with overweight/obesity (OW/OB). Twenty-three children (10.05 ± 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Background: Despite its high heritability, the genetic mechanisms influencing Alzheimer's Disease (AD), particularly in health disparity populations like African Americans (AA) and Hispanics (HI), are not fully understood. The lack of ancestral diversity in genetic datasets, notably in eQTL studies that associate genetic variation with gene expression, exacerbates these disparities. Our study seeks to address this gap by comparing the AD interactions of racially and ethnically diverse expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) effects to investigate the genetic influence on AD in underrepresented populations.
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