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Identification of Strains from Animal Cases in Ethiopia and Genetic Characterization by Whole-Genome Sequencing.
Pathogens
January 2025
Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia.
Anthrax is a zoonotic disease characterized by rapid onset with usual fatal outcomes in livestock and wildlife. In Ethiopia, anthrax is a persistent disease; however, there are limited data on the isolation and molecular characterization of strains. This study aimed to characterize isolated from animal anthrax outbreaks between 2019 and 2024, from different localities in Ethiopia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA framework for ecologically and socially informed risk reduction before and after outbreaks of wildlife-borne zoonoses.
Lancet Planet Health
January 2025
San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, San Diego, CA, USA; VetinWild, Nanyuki, Kenya.
Despite increasing emphasis being placed on the inclusion of upstream ecological and social perspectives for zoonotic disease control, few guidelines exist for practitioners and decision makers to work with communities in identifying suitable, locally relevant interventions and integrating these into public health action plans. With an interdisciplinary group of Kenyan stakeholders, we designed and tested a comprehensive framework for the co-design, evaluation, and prioritisation of beneficiary-oriented, ecologically and socially informed interventions for preventing and controlling outbreaks of wildlife-borne zoonoses. Our approach used four globally important wildlife-borne pathogens-Rift Valley fever virus, Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever virus, and the causative agents of anthrax and rabies-enabling stakeholders to develop a shared understanding of complex transmission pathways, identify a broad array of measures targeting ecological, biological, and social processes governing outbreaks of these pathogens, and explore trade-offs for specific interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMAP Kinase Signaling at the Crossroads of Inflammasome Activation.
Immunol Rev
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Inflammasomes are crucial mediators of both antimicrobial host defense and inflammatory pathology, requiring stringent regulation at multiple levels. This review explores the pivotal role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in modulating inflammasome activation through various regulatory mechanisms. We detail recent advances in understanding MAPK-mediated regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome priming, licensing and activation, with emphasis on MAPK-induced activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling in NLRP3 priming, ERK1 and JNK in NLRP3 licensing, and TAK1 in connecting death receptor signaling to NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxin and capsule production by Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis influence pathogenicity in macrophages and animal models.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
December 2024
Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis (Bcbva) causes anthrax-like disease in animals, particularly in the non-human primates and great apes of West and Central Africa. Genomic analyses revealed Bcbva as a member of the B. cereus species that carries two plasmids, pBCXO1 and pBCXO2, which have high sequence homology to the B.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn-depth exploration of cutaneous anthrax: clinical and pathological manifestations of a case report.
Diagn Pathol
December 2024
Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Shizuishan, Affiliated to Ningxia Medical University, Shizuishan, China.
Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, which can infect various animals and humans. Cutaneous anthrax primarily presents as infiltrative, edematous erythema, surface vesicles, hemorrhagic vesicles, and necrotic eschar; some patients may also experience systemic symptoms such as fever and leukocytosis. With economic development and improvements in public health conditions, naturally occurring cases of cutaneous anthrax have significantly decreased, leading to limited reports on the pathological manifestations of this disease.
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