We demonstrate a Brownian motor, based on cold atoms in optical lattices, where isotropic random fluctuations are rectified in order to induce controlled atomic motion in arbitrary directions. In contrast to earlier demonstrations of ratchet effects, our Brownian motor operates in potentials that are spatially and temporally symmetric, but where spatiotemporal symmetry is broken by a phase shift between the potentials and asymmetric transfer rates between them. The Brownian motor is demonstrated in three dimensions and the noise-induced drift is controllable in our system.
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Phys Rev E
November 2024
West Los Angeles College, Science Division, 9000 Overland Ave, Culver City, California 90230, USA.
The thermodynamic relations for a Brownian particle moving in a discrete ratchet potential coupled with quadratically decreasing temperature are explored as a function of time. We show that this thermal arrangement leads to a higher velocity (lower efficiency) compared to a Brownian particle operating between hot and cold baths, and a heat bath where the temperature linearly decreases along with the reaction coordinate. The results obtained in this study indicate that if the goal is to design a fast-moving motor, the quadratic thermal arrangement is more advantageous than the other two thermal arrangements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiophys Rev
October 2024
Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
Intracellular transport is essential for maintaining cellular function. This process is driven by different mechanisms in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In small prokaryotic cells, diffusion is the primary means of transport, while larger eukaryotic cells also rely on active transport by molecular motors such as kinesin and dynein.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiophys J
November 2024
Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aoba 6-3, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. Electronic address:
Most kinesin molecular motors dimerize to move processively and efficiently along microtubules; however, some can maintain processivity even in a monomeric state. Previous studies have suggested that asymmetric potentials between the motor domain and microtubules underlie this motility. In this study, we demonstrate that the kinesin-3 family motor protein KLP-6 can move forward along microtubules as a monomer upon release of autoinhibition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
November 2024
Department of Molecular Biosciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan.
ATP synthases play a crucial role in energy production by utilizing the proton motive force (pmf) across the membrane to rotate their membrane-embedded rotor c-ring, and thus driving ATP synthesis in the hydrophilic catalytic hexamer. However, the mechanism of how pmf converts into c-ring rotation remains unclear. This study presents a 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemistry
October 2024
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Molecular platforms are essential components of various surface-mounted molecular devices. Here, we document the synthesis of two universal triptycene-based tripodal pedestals featuring terminal alkynes in the axial position. We showcase their versatility by incorporating them into the structures of diverse functional molecules such as unidirectional light-driven molecular motors, photoswitches, and Brownian molecular rotors using standard cross-coupling reactions.
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