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Probing Out-Of-Plane Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors Using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy.
Adv Mater
December 2024
Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
High contact resistance remains the primary obstacle that hinders further advancements of organic semiconductors (OSCs) in electronic circuits. While significant effort has been directed toward lowering the energy barrier at OSC/metal contact interfaces, approaches toward reducing another major contributor to overall contact resistance - the bulk resistance - have been limited to minimizing the thickness of OSC films. However, the out-of-plane conductivity of OSCs, a critical aspect of bulk resistance, has largely remained unaddressed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOdd Viscosity Suppresses Intermittency in Direct Turbulent Cascades.
Phys Rev Lett
October 2024
Kadanoff Center for Theoretical Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
Intermittency refers to the broken self-similarity of turbulent flows caused by anomalous spatiotemporal fluctuations. In this Letter, we ask how intermittency is affected by a nondissipative viscosity, known as odd viscosity (also Hall viscosity or gyroviscosity), which appears in parity-breaking fluids such as magnetized polyatomic gases, electron fluids under magnetic field, and spinning colloids or grains. Using a combination of Navier-Stokes simulations and theory, we show that intermittency is suppressed by odd viscosity at small scales.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProgrammable adhesion through triangular and hierarchical cuts in metamaterial adhesives.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci
October 2024
Mechanical Engineering, Soft Materials and Structures Lab, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA 24061, USA.
Metamaterial design approaches, which integrate structural elements into material systems, enable the control of uncommon behaviours by decoupling local and global properties. Leveraging this conceptual framework, metamaterial adhesives incorporate nonlinear cut architectures into adhesive films to achieve unique combinations of adhesion capacity, release, and spatial tunability by controlling how cracks propagate forward and in reverse directions during separation. Here, metamaterial adhesive designs are explored with triangular cut features while integrating hierarchical and secondary cut patterns among primary nonlinear cuts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPattern Formation in Evaporating Polymer Solutions-Interplay between Dewetting and Decomposition.
ACS Polym Au
August 2024
Soft and Biological Matter Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
Pattern formation during solution evaporation is common in several industrial settings and involves a complex interplay of multiple processes, including wetting/dewetting, diffusion, and rheological characteristics of the solution. Monitoring the emergence of patterns during evaporation under controlled conditions may allow deconvolution of different processes and, in turn, improve our understanding of this common yet complex phenomenon. Here, we probe the importance of initial conditions, defined by the solution concentration , on the pattern formation in evaporating polymer solutions on the air-water interface.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFor a reliable characterization of materials and systems featuring multiple structural levels, a broad length scale from a few ångström to hundreds of nanometres must be analyzed and an extended range must be covered in X-ray and neutron scattering experiments. For certain samples or effects, it is advantageous to perform such characterization with a single instrument. Neutrons offer the unique advantage of contrast variation and matching by D-labeling, which is of great value in the characterization of natural or synthetic polymers.
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