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Comparative evaluation of PD-L1 expression and tumor immune microenvironment in molecular subtypes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer and its correlation with survival outcomes.
Am J Clin Pathol
January 2025
Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized treatment of platinum-refractory advanced bladder cancer, offering hope where options are limited. Response varies, however, influenced by factors such as the tumor's immune microenvironment and prior therapy. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is stratified into molecular subtypes, with distinct clinicopathologic features affecting prognosis and treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuantitative Assessment of Delivered Dose in Carbon Ion Spatially Fractionated Radiotherapy (C-SFRT) and Biological Response to C-SFRT.
Biomed Phys Eng Express
January 2025
Department of Medical Physics, Osaka Heavy Ion Therapy Center, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 5400008, JAPAN.
Objective Applying carbon ion beams, which have high linear energy transfer and low scatter within the human body, to Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy (SFRT) could benefit the treatment of deep-seated or radioresistant tumors. This study aims to simulate the dose distributions of spatially fractionated beams (SFB) to accurately determine the delivered dose and model the cell survival rate following SFB irradiation. Approach Dose distributions of carbon ion beams are calculated using the Triple Gaussian Model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSex Affects Cognitive Outcomes in HIV-1 Tat Transgenic Mice: Role of CCR5.
ASN Neuro
January 2025
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
People living with HIV (PLWH) experience HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), even though combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) suppresses HIV replication. HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (HIV-1 Tat) contributes to the development of HAND through neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic mechanisms. C-C chemokine 5 receptor (CCR5) is important in immune cell targeting and is a co-receptor for HIV viral entry into CD4+ cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNovel Immune Response Evasion Strategy to Redose Adeno-associated Viral Vectors and Prolong Survival in Surfactant Protein-B Deficient Mice.
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol
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Ottawa Hospital Research Institute & CHEO Research Institute, Pediatrics, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Surfactant protein-B (SP-B) deficiency is a lethal neonatal respiratory disease with few therapeutic options. Gene therapy using adeno-associated viruses (AAV) to deliver human cDNA (AAV-hSPB) can improve survival in a mouse model of SP-B deficiency. However, the effect of this gene therapy wanes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cells in Colorectal Cancer: Pioneering New Avenues in Solid Tumor Immunotherapy.
J Clin Oncol
January 2025
Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health burden, being one of the most prevalent cancers with high mortality rates. Despite advances in conventional treatment modalities, patients with metastatic CRC often face limited options and poor outcomes. Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy, initially successful in hematologic malignancies, presents a promising avenue for treating solid tumors, including CRC.
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