Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a very common lethal monogenetic disease with significant morbidities and a high likelihood of progression to renal failure for which there is no proven disease-specific therapy currently available for clinical use. Human ADPKD cystic epithelia have proliferative abnormalities mediated by EGFR over-expression and mispolarization leading autocrine response to EGF family ligands. We now show that apical localization of EGFR complexes in normal fetal and ADPKD epithelia is associated with heterodimerization of EGFR(HER-1) with HER-2(neu/ErbB2), while basal membrane localization in normal adult renal epithelia is associated with EGFR(HER-1) homodimers. Since ADPKD epithelial cells have reduced migratory function, this was used as a bioassay to evaluate the ability of compounds to rescue the aberrant human ADPKD phenotype. General tyrosine kinase inhibition by herbimycin and specific inhibition of HER-2(neu/ErbB2) by AG825 or pretreatment with ErbB2 siRNA reversed the migration defect of ADPKD epithelia. Selective inhibition of EGFR(HER-1) showed partial rescue. Increased ADPKD cell migration after inhibition of p38MAP kinase but not of PI3-kinase implicated p38MAPK downstream of HER-2(neu/ErbB2) stimulation. Daily administration of AG825 to PKD1 null heterozygous mice significantly inhibited the development of renal cysts. These studies implicate HER2(neu/ErbB2) as an effector of apical EGFR complex mispolarization and that its inhibition should be considered a candidate for clinical therapy of ADPKD.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2006.04.006 | DOI Listing |
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