In situ hybridization (ISH) has significantly advanced the study of gene structure and expression in cells and tissues, but its application is often limited by detection sensitivity. The introduction of signal amplification after ISH using tyramides has greatly advanced in situ detection methods that also are now applicable in routine diagnostics. In this chapter, we provide detailed step-by-step protocols for synthesis of biotinylated tyramides, multiple-target deoxyribonucleic acid-ISH on cell preparations, both DNA- and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-ISH on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, and tyramide signal amplification for signal detection.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59745-007-3:33 | DOI Listing |
Nutrients
January 2025
Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Background/objectives: Diet composition is important for health, especially during critical periods such as pre-gestation (P), gestation (G), or lactation (S), due to its potential impact not only on the mother but on the offspring. The Mediterranean diet includes many healthy foods rich in fiber and/or polyphenols, such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, beans, and nuts. The present preclinical study assesses the impact of a diet rich in fiber and polyphenols (HFP diet) during one of those three periods (P, G, or S, three weeks each) on the rat gene expression of the small intestine obtained at the end of the lactation period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
January 2025
School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
DNA methylation has been widely studied with the goal of correlating the genome profiles of various diseases with epigenetic mechanisms. Multiple approaches have been developed that employ extensive steps, such as bisulfite treatments, polymerase chain reactions (PCR), restriction digestion, sequencing, mass analysis, etc., to identify DNA methylation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
January 2025
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China.
The association between microRNAs and various diseases, especially cancer, has been established in recent years, indicating that miRNAs can potentially serve as biomarkers for these diseases. Determining miRNA concentrations in biological samples is crucial for disease diagnosis. Nevertheless, the stem-loop reverse transcription quantitative PCR method, the gold standard for detecting miRNA, has great challenges in terms of high costs and enzyme limitations when applied to clinical biological samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancers (Basel)
January 2025
Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
The hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that mediates the activity of a variety of downstream pathways upon its activation. These pathways regulate various physiological processes within the cell, including growth, survival, proliferation, and motility. Under normal physiological conditions, this allows MET to regulate various development and regenerative processes; however, mutations resulting in aberrant MET activity and the consequent dysregulation of downstream signaling can contribute to cellular pathophysiology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFoods
January 2025
College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a typical environmental estrogen that is distributed worldwide and has the potential to pose a hazard to the ecological environment and human health. The development of an efficient and sensitive sensing strategy for the monitoring of BPA residues is of paramount importance. A novel electrochemical sensor based on carbon black and carbon nanofibers composite (CB/f-CNF)-assisted signal amplification has been successfully constructed for the amperometric detection of BPA in foods.
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