Financially, mastitis is one of the most important diseases affecting dairy cattle in the United Kingdom. Seven commercial farms were monitored over a 2.5 year period and data from 1040 cows were included in a study that examined both straw yard and cubicle housing systems. The influence of genetic merit for milk production (PIN(95) and PTA(f+p)) on somatic cell counts (SCC) as an indicator of mastitis under commercial farm conditions was assessed. The mean genetic potential ( poundPIN(95)) was 39.0 (+/-0.80) and the mean 305-day milk yield (kg) was 7980 (+/-54.2). In all, 5618 monthly records of SCC and 1040 records of 305-day SCC were included in the analysis. A multiple regression model was used to assess the influence of genetic merit and the level of concentrate intake on SCC (the log(10) transformation was used) under the two housing systems. Significant interactions between genetic merit and housing system, and concentrate intake and housing system were found. Log(10) SCC increased with genetic merit when cows were housed in straw yard accommodation, but decreased when cows were housed in cubicle accommodation. The increase in SCC with concentrate feeding was higher for straw yards. For parity 2 animals, there was a significant positive correlation between PIN(95) and SCC (r(p)=0.184, P=0.003) but the correlations between 305-day milk production and SCC were negative for animals greater than parity 2.
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