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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj0250606 | DOI Listing |
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Glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) are pivotal in developing glomerular sclerosis disorders. The advancement of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is intimately tied to disruptions in lipid metabolism. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a molecule transported by high-density lipoproteins (HDL), exhibits protective effects on vascular endothelial cells by upregulating phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS) and enhancing nitric oxide (NO) production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThirty years of StAR gazing: expanding the universe of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein.
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W L Miller, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Reproductive Sciences, and Institute for Human Genetics University of California, San Francisco, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Current understanding of the biology, biochemistry and genetics of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and its deficiency state (congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia, lipoid CAH) involves the complex interplay of four areas of study: the acute regulation of steroidogenesis, clinical phenomena in lipoid CAH, the enzymatic conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone in steroidogenic mitochondria, and the cell biology of StAR. This review traces the origins of these areas of study, describes how they have been woven into an increasingly coherent fabric, and tries to explore some remaining loose ends in this ongoing field of endocrine research. Abundant research from multiple laboratories establishes that StAR is required for the rapid, abundant steroidal responses of the adrenals and gonads, but all steroidogenic cells, especially the placenta, have StAR-independent steroidogenesis, whose basis remains under investigation.
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