It is well known that refractive anomalies play a prominent role in the genesis of amblyopia. The current aim of early visual screening is to look for these refractive anomalies along with strabismus and media opacities. This update reviews the frequency of refractive anomalies in the preschool-aged population, their amblyogenic potential, and the different methods of refractive screening, including the required equipment, costs, and diagnostic performance.
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