[reaction: see text] A synthetic route for obtaining functional group diversity in macromolecules is described. The route relies on the differential reactivity of substituted dichlorotriazines. Treatment of a triamine core with substituted dichlorotriazines cleanly yields tris(monochlorotriazines). Subsequent S(N)Ar reactions with amine nucleophiles bearing the functional group of interest yield diversity. If the substituent on the dichlorotriazine is a protected nucleophile, deprotection of the functionalized core allows for iterative reactions and the synthesis of star, dendritic, and hybrid macromolecules.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol060559p | DOI Listing |
J Adv Res
January 2025
Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, 57357 Cairo, (CCHE-57357), Egypt; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt. Electronic address:
Introduction: Gut microbiota alterations have been implicated in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), yet the mechanisms linking these changes to ASD pathophysiology remain unclear.
Objectives: This study utilized a multi-omics approach to uncover mechanisms linking gut microbiota to ASD by examining microbial diversity, bacterial metaproteins, associated metabolic pathways and host proteome.
Methods: The gut microbiota of 30 children with severe ASD and 30 healthy controls was analyzed.
Cell Commun Signal
January 2025
Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
One hallmark of cancer is the upregulation and dependency on glucose metabolism to fuel macromolecule biosynthesis and rapid proliferation. Despite significant pre-clinical effort to exploit this pathway, additional mechanistic insights are necessary to prioritize the diversity of metabolic adaptations upon acute loss of glucose metabolism. Here, we investigated a potent small molecule inhibitor to Class I glucose transporters, KL-11743, using glycolytic leukemia cell lines and patient-based model systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Res Int
February 2025
Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China. Electronic address:
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS), short-chain polymers with prebiotic properties, have gained significant commercial attention over the past few decades due to their potential as nutraceutical components. Derived from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), XOS serve as health promoting compounds with applications across multiple sectors, including food pharmaceutical and cosmetic. This comprehensive review provides an overview of XOS production, purification, characterization, and quantification, highlighting their derivation from various sources such as agricultural waste, agro-economical forest residues, and nutrient-dense energy crops.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbohydr Polym
March 2025
Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Electronic address:
Combining polysaccharides with polypeptides enables growth of diverse nanostructures with minimal toxicity, low immune response, and potential biodegradability. However, examples of nanostructures combining polysaccharides with polypeptides are limited due to synthetic difficulties and related issues of solubility, purification, and characterization, with previous reports of polysaccharide-block-polypeptide block copolymers requiring methods such as polymer-polymer coupling and post-polymerization modifications paired with difficult purification steps. Here, we synthesized dextran-block-poly(benzyl glutamate) block copolymers in water via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) to form nanostructures in situ, studying their morphologies using experimental methods and molecular modeling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
January 2025
The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Controlling the reactivity of bonds along polymer chains enables both functionalization and deconstruction with relevance to chemical recycling and circularity. Because the substrate is a macromolecule, however, understanding the effects of chain conformation on the reactivity of polymer bonds emerges as important yet underexplored. Here, we show how oxy-functionalization of chemically recyclable condensation polymers affects acidolysis to monomers through control over distortion and interaction energies in the rate-limiting transition states.
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