Hippocampal place cells can process the environmental inputs and make up a cognitive map in the hippocampus, or strengthen the synaptic connections within an association cortical cell assembly,thus creating a permanent engram for a spatial site. Outputs from the hippocampus are then integrated with other inputs within the nucleus accumbens and finally initiate a goal-directed behavior through the motor circuit.
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I have been incredibly fortunate to have worked in the field of hippocampal spatial coding during three of its most exciting decades, the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s. During this time I had a ringside view of some of the foundational discoveries that were made which have transformed our understanding of the hippocampal system and its role in cognition (especially spatial cognition) and memory. These discoveries inspired me in my own lab over the years to pursue three broad lines of enquiry-3D spatial encoding, context and the sense of direction-which are outlined here.
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