Despite much evidence that lithium and valproate, two commonly used mood stabilizers, exhibit neuroprotective properties against an array of insults, the pharmacological relevance of such effects is not clear because most of these studies examined the acute effect of these drugs in supratherapeutic doses against insults which were of limited disease relevance to bipolar disorder. In the present study, we investigated whether lithium and valproate, at clinically relevant doses, protects human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and glioma (SVG and U87) cells against oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in a time-dependent manner. Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells for 7 days, but not 1 day, with 1 mM of lithium or 0.6 mM of valproate significantly reduced rotenone and H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation, and increased Bcl-2 levels. Conversely, neither acute nor chronic treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with lithium or valproate elicited cytoprotective responses against thapsigargin-evoked cell death and caspase-3 activation. Moreover, inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), kenpaullone and SB216763, abrogated rotenone-induced, but not H2O2-induced, cytotoxicity. Thus the cytoprotective effects of lithium and valproate against H2O2-induced cell death is likely independent of GSK-3 inhibition. On the other hand, chronic lithium or valproate treatment did not ameliorate cytotoxicity induced by rotenone, H2O2, and thapsigargin in SVG astroglial and U87 MG glioma cell lines. Our results suggest that lithium and valproate may decrease vulnerability of human neural, but not glial, cells to cellular injury evoked by oxidative stress possibly arising from putative mitochondrial disturbances implicated in bipolar disorder.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, AMG Seton Behavioral Health, 1301 W. 38th Street, Suite 700, Austin, TX, 78757, USA.
Older adults with bipolar disorder (OABD) face unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment, particularly in outpatient settings.
Mood episodes in OABD are similar in frequency and severity to those in younger adults, with depression being more common and mixed symptoms frequent.
Effective treatment may involve using lower doses of lithium over other medications, and clinicians should focus on managing medical comorbidities and reducing the number of medications prescribed.
Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, The Medical Campus, 6th Floor, Al-Geish Street, Tanta University, Tanta, Elgharbya 31527, Egypt.
Background: Mood-stabilizer drugs are associated with a considerable incidence of morbidity and mortality.
Aim: This study aimed to assess the pattern, severity, and outcomes of poisoning with acute mood stabilizer drugs among admitted patients to Tanta University Poison Control Center, Egypt between January 2021 and September 2023.
Patients And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with acute mood stabilizer drug poisoning.
Currently, there is no gold standard technique in SCI therapy. Although there have been many systematic reviews on the pharmacological treatment of inflammation in SCI, there has been no published discussion regarding the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy when viewed from a neuroinflammatory pathway. This research aimed to examine an effective and reliable medication for decreasing inflammation in SCI and, where possible, identify effective pharmacotherapeutic treatment protocols.
Objective: This study aims to conduct an overview on the comparative efficacy of valproate in acute mania, bipolar depression and maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (BD).
Method: We performed an overview of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024497749). We searched Medline and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
