Liver transplantation in Italy: analysis of risk factors associated with graft outcome.

Objective: To analyze the graft outcome after liver transplantation in Italy in the years 1995 to 2000.

Methods: We performed a longitudinal study with follow-up at 3 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years on 1987 liver grafts. The effect of several variables on graft survival was also analyzed.

Results: Several variables affect graft survival: Donor and recipient older age, gender mismatching, prolonged cold ischemia time, acute hepatic necrosis, and retransplantation are reported to significantly affect liver graft survival. Donors older than 60 years show a relative risk of 1.59 (95% CI, 1.23-2.05) compared with donors with an age between 19 and 60 years; recipients older than 50 years show a relative risk of 1.29 (95% CI, 1.04-1.60) compared with recipients aged 19 to 50 years. A cold ischemia time of 12 hours or longer doubled the risk of failure (relative risk = 2.01, 95% CI, 1.36-2.96) compared with a cold ischemia time of less than 6 hours.

Conclusions: The results show that the overall quality of liver transplantation in Italy is satisfying and comparable to the outcome reported by international registries. Follow-up studies on large numbers of liver transplants are useful to define predictors of outcome, and subsequently modify the criteria for organ allocation.