The term precocious puberty encompasses a group of heterogeneous conditions that range from variants of normal to slowly progressive and rapidly progressive maturation of both sexes. It is defined as the appearance of secondary sex characteristics before the age of 8 in girls and 9 in boys. The clinician who is evaluating a child with precocious puberty should be aware of the normal events of puberty, the ages at which pubertal milestones are achieved and the tempo of pubertal progression. The mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of normal puberty are briefly discussed in this article. The diverse etiology of precocious puberty, the diagnostic evaluation of the patient including clinical, laboratory and radiological investigation as well as problems associated with precocious puberty and indications for treatment and treatment modalities are further discussed in the article.
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Central precocious puberty (CPP) is an endocrine disorder in children caused by the early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPGA), leading to elevated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which triggers the development of gonads and the secretion of sex hormones. This eventually results in the development of internal and external genitalia and secondary sexual characteristics. CPP significantly affects the physical and mental health of children and may increase the risk of various adult diseases.
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