An experimental study of colors observed by a human eye after a short flash of light of different spectral composition was carried out. Sequential images and changes in their color with time support the opponent theory of colored vision of man.
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Adaptive Cost-Benefit Control Fueled by Striatal Dopamine.
Annu Rev Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences and Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; email:
The twenty-first century has brought forth a deluge of theories and data shedding light on the neural mechanisms of motivated behavior. Much of this progress has focused on dopaminergic dynamics, including their signaling properties (how do they vary with expectations and outcomes?) and their downstream impacts in target regions (how do they affect learning and behavior?). In parallel, the basal ganglia have been elevated from their original implication in motoric function to a canonical circuit facilitating the initiation, invigoration, and selection of actions across levels of abstraction, from motor to cognitive operations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProperties of winning Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma strategies.
PLoS Comput Biol
December 2024
Google Inc., Mountain View, California, United States of America.
Researchers have explored the performance of Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma strategies for decades, from the celebrated performance of Tit for Tat to the introduction of the zero-determinant strategies and the use of sophisticated learning structures such as neural networks. Many new strategies have been introduced and tested in a variety of tournaments and population dynamics. Typical results in the literature, however, rely on performance against a small number of somewhat arbitrarily selected strategies, casting doubt on the generalizability of conclusions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF'It was a fair fight' v. 'let the body do the work.' How squash players mentalizing abilities affect their experiences of playing squash: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.
Psychol Sport Exerc
March 2025
School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4DR, United Kingdom.
The use of metacognitive process and skills has been the subject of considerable research in the sport performance literature over the past decade. However, there has been little qualitative research on athletes' experiences of using metacognitive processes and skills. A related but different area theoretically and practically, is mentalizing, which refers to the imaginative ability to perceive and interpret the feelings, thoughts, wishes and beliefs that explain human behaviour.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Cost of Looking Up: Social Comparison as a Partial Mediator Between Social Anxiety and Vindictive Behavior in a Non-anonymous Ultimatum Game.
Psychol Rep
December 2024
Department of Psychology, Social Work, and Educational Sciences, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania.
Self-appraisals in relation to internalized standards are fundamental constructs in clinical and evolutionary models of Social Anxiety (SA). Empirical evidence has consistently shown that socially anxious individuals tend to engage in upward social comparisons and aim to adjust their social standing accordingly. However, the consequences of perceiving oneself as inferior to others within social contexts remain under-explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFake-News Attitude Evaluation in Terms of Visual Attention and Personality Traits: A Preliminary Study for Mitigating the Cognitive Warfare.
Behav Sci (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Although the Internet grants access to a large amount of information, it is crucial to verify its reliability before relying on it. False information is a dangerous medium that poses a considerable threat, as it impacts individuals' perceptions and information processing, eventually shaping people's behaviors. Misinformation can be weaponized, especially in cross-border conflicts, where it can be used as a means to erode social cohesion by manipulating public opinion and exacerbate tensions between nations.
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