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Neurological management of ischemic stroke in sickle cell disease- a case report with an updated review of the literature.
Neurol Sci
December 2024
Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Background: In children and adults with sickle-cell disease (SCD), acute ischemic stroke (AIS) associated with a vaso-occlusive crisis is a leading cause of physical and cognitive disability and death. However, neurological guidelines for acute management of AIS fail to directly address this issue. We here report a case of a man with severe cerebrovascular complications and illustrate the current evidence on the management of SCD-related AIS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElevated posterior insula glutamate in patients with sickle cell disease.
J Pain
November 2024
Department of Anesthesia, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic condition that leads to chronic pain and episodes called vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs), and this study investigates how certain brain chemicals are altered in patients with SCD.
- Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, researchers measured levels of glutamate and glutamine (Glx) in the right posterior insula cortex of individuals with SCD and healthy controls, finding significantly higher Glx levels in SCD patients, along with notable correlations between Glx levels, VOC frequency, and pain sensitivity.
- These findings suggest that an imbalance in excitatory neurotransmitters like glutamate in the insula may play a role in the pain experienced by SCD patients, highlighting the need for further
Spontaneous Epidural Hematomas in a Patient With Sickle Cell Anemia: A Case Report.
Cureus
October 2024
Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a systemic organ disease with acute and chronic complications. Neurological complications of SCD include cerebral ischemia, moyamoya syndrome, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, cerebral fat embolism, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Although less frequent, rare hemorrhagic manifestations, such as spontaneous epidural hematoma (EDH), can occur and are associated with increased mortality and morbidity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBeyond Ischemia: The Rare Occurrence of Hemorrhagic Strokes in Pediatric Sickle Cell Anemia.
Cureus
October 2024
Prince Sultan Oncology Center, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, SAU.
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic disorder characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin S, leading to red blood cell sickling and subsequent vaso-occlusive events. Neurological complications, particularly strokes, significantly contribute to the morbidity and mortality associated with SCA. While ischemic strokes are more common, hemorrhagic strokes, though less frequent, present significant challenges, especially in the pediatric population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA rare case of pituitary dysfunction with Moyamoya disease.
Neurosciences (Riyadh)
October 2024
From the Department of Neurology (Aljthalin, Albalawi). PrinceSultan Military Medical City, Department of Pediatric Neurology (Alwadei), National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, and from the College of Medicine (Aljthalin), Majmmah University, Majmmah, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia.
Article Synopsis
- Moyamoya disease is a rare, progressive condition affecting the blood vessels in the brain, particularly the internal carotid artery, and can lead to complications like pituitary dysfunction.
- A 14-year-old girl with short stature exhibited symptoms like right-sided weakness and dysarthria, which led to the discovery of hormonal imbalances and abnormalities in her pituitary gland.
- The case highlights the importance of considering moyamoya disease in patients with hypopituitarism, as it may cause disruptions in hormone production due to carotid ischemia, necessitating regular monitoring and hormonal testing.
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