The efficacy of moxifloxacin in the treatment of an implant-associated infection by Staphylococcus aureus was compared with vancomycin in an animal study. The femoral medullary cavity of 36 Wistar rats was contaminated with S. aureus (ATCC 29213) and a metal device was implanted. After treatment for 14 days with moxifloxacin (2 x 10 mg/kg/day) or vancomycin (2 x 15 mg/kg/day), the bacterial counts (colony-forming units) in the periprosthetic bone, the soft tissue and the implant-associated biofilm were measured. Compared with the control group, moxifloxacin achieved a highly significant decrease in the microbial counts in the bone and soft tissue and in the biofilm (P<0.001). Moreover, the efficacy of moxifloxacin was significantly greater than that of vancomycin (P<0.01). Vancomycin did not reduce the microbial count significantly compared with the control group (P>0.05). The results justify further investigations of the treatment of implant-associated infections due to S. aureus with moxifloxacin.
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