Background: Celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, may reduce the risk and mortality of certain types of human cancer. The chemopreventive effect of celecoxib on preneoplastic lesions induced by chemical hepatocarcinogenesis was investigated.
Materials And Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a celecoxib-supplemented diet between days 18 and 26 post-initiation (1500 ppm) and sacrificed on day 26. The effects of celecoxib on proliferation, apoptosis, COX-2 activity and liver function were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay, enzyme-immunoassay and spectrophotometry, respectively.
Results: Celecoxib decreased, in area and number, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and glutathione S-transferase placental-positive lesions, below levels found after 18 days, by 55.2% and 62.2%, and by 50.5% and 71.1%, respectively, (p < 0.05). Celecoxib neither induced apoptosis nor altered the levels of prostaglandin E2, bilirubin or alanine aminotransferase in the plasma; however, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D1 decreased by 77.7% and 94.9%, respectively, (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Celecoxib regresses existing preneoplastic liver lesions through antiproliferative processes, without altering liver function.
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