Endoscopic or macroscopic esophageal melanocytosis is a benign clinicopathologic entity characterized by melanocytic proliferation in esophageal squamous epithelium and melanin deposition in the mucosa. Little is known about the etiology and natural course of this condition, although it has been suggested to be a precursor of primary esophageal melanoma by some authors. Following a search of the bibliographic databases (PubMed and Medline) regarding esophageal melanocytosis and melanosis, thirty-four cases of isolated esophageal melanocytosis (including one unpublished case from us) were found. The histopathologic features of esophageal melanocytosis are reviewed and its differential diagnosis with other pigmented esophageal lesions is discussed.
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Esophageal Melanocytosis.
Autops Case Rep
May 2024
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.
Esophageal melanocytosis is a rare entity defined by the proliferation of a melanocytic basal layer of the esophageal squamous lining and deposition of melanin in the esophageal mucosa. Esophageal melanocytosis is considered a benign entity of unknown etiology; however, it has been reported as a melanoma precursor. We report a case of esophageal melanocytosis in a diabetic and hypertensive 67-year-old male with recurrent dizziness and syncope for the past 6 months.
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Article Synopsis
- A 62-year-old man was diagnosed with right hypopharyngeal cancer in 2019 and subsequent esophageal melanosis was found during an upper GI endoscopy.
- In February 2021, follow-up testing revealed that he had developed esophageal primary malignant melanoma, though scans showed no spread of the cancer.
- He underwent surgery to remove the affected area and is now regularly monitored as an outpatient without any signs of recurrence, highlighting the importance of careful follow-up for esophageal melanocytosis to catch any early signs of melanoma.
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