Regulation on medical examination prior to apprenticeship is built in the Act on Trades and Crafts. Medical examinations of the students before admission to secondary craft schools have been done regularly since 1993. Between 11,000 and 14,000 students are admitted to secondary craft schools in the Republic of Croatia annually. According to statistics, about 10% of students have obvious health problems, about 5% of students have healt problems which vitally limit their capacity in particular crafts. This statistic refers to about 3% of the examined students. Medical examinations of students prior to admission to craft schools represent a particular sort of health capacity examinations. The paper includes applications for the most freqent trades and crafts, and findings of the craft school admission examinations.
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Brain Spine
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Introduction: While cadaveric dissections remain the cornerstone of education in skull base surgery, they are associated with high costs, difficulty acquiring specimens, and a lack of pathology in anatomical samples. This study evaluated the impact of a hand-crafted three-dimensional (3D)-printed head model and virtual reality (VR) in enhancing skull base surgery training.
Research Question: How effective are 3D-printed models and VR in enhancing training in skull base surgery?
Materials And Methods: A two-day skull base training course was conducted with 12 neurosurgical trainees and 11 faculty members.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
January 2025
Westlake University, School of Engineering, 18 Shilongshan Road, 310024, Hangzhou, CHINA.
The Friedel-Crafts reaction has been extensively applied to the preparation of various porous organic polymers because of its simple operation and abundant building blocks. However, due to its poor reversibility and excessive random reactive sites, the synthesis of crystalline organic polymers/frameworks by Friedel-Crafts reaction has never been realized so far. Herein, we develop a molecular confined Friedel-Crafts reaction strategy to achieve rapid preparation (within only 30 minutes) of highly crystalline covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) with tailorable functionality for the first time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangmuir
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
Palm leaf manuscripts, crafted from specially treated palm leaves, are invaluable historical documents. However, they degrade and tend to become brittle over time. To date, plant essential oils and glycerin are the used materials to improve the flexibility of palm leaf manuscripts, but the effective duration of these materials is short due to their volatility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Emerg Med
January 2025
Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Background: Globally, healthcare institutions have seen a marked rise in workplace violence (WPV), especially since the Covid-19 pandemic began, affecting primarily acute care and emergency departments (EDs). At the University Health Network (UHN) in Toronto, Canada, WPV incidents in EDs jumped 169% from 0.43 to 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chim Acta
February 2025
Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, 462000, Henan Province, PR China.
Background: Edible oils are susceptible to contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) throughout production, storage, and transportation processes due to their lipophilic nature. The necessity of quantifying PAHs present in complex oil matrices at trace levels, which bind strongly to impurities in oil matrices, poses a major challenge to the accurate quantification of these contaminants. Therefore, the development of straightforward and effective methods for the separation and enrichment of PAHs in oil samples prior to instrumental analysis is paramount to guaranteeing food safety.
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