Resilon/Epiphany obturation system is emerging as an alternative to gutta-percha (GP). The efficacy of retreatment techniques for Resilon removal has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two commonly used retreatment techniques in the removal of Resilon. Sixty single-canal teeth were instrumented and obturated with either Resilon/Epiphany or GP/AH Plus. Each canal was randomly allocated to receive one of the two retreatment techniques-ProFile 0.06 rotary files combined with heat or chloroform. The time required to remove the obturation material was recorded and the cleanliness of canal walls was determined by stereomicroscope and electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that chloroform combined with rotary files was more efficient in material removal compared to heat (p < 0.05). Resilon was faster to remove than GP. Both techniques resulted in cleaner canal walls in the apical third of the teeth obturated with Resilon when compared to GP (p < 0.05).
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