In this retrospective study, we report the results of the association of a combined phlebotomy program and chelation in hereditary sideroblastic anemia (HSA) to reduce iron overload after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). A male HSA patient, not responding to pyridoxine treatment, was submitted to successful allogeneic BMT. As there was a persistence of a tissue iron overload, a regular phlebotomy program was started followed by chelation. A significant decrease of iron burden was obtained using a combined treatment with deferoxamine (DFO) and deferiprone (L1) in addition to the phlebotomy program. A 10-year follow-up shows a marked decrease in the concentration of serum ferritin, non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI), liver iron and normal hemoglobin (Hb), which allows the patient to reach and maintain a good quality of life.
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