The authors review the various forms of EEG-synchronization with special emphasis on the characteristics of the induced and enhanced rhythms. The suggested role of the various EEG frequency bands in the cognitive processes is demonstrated by examples from the literature. The relationship between linear and nonlinear electrophysiological complexity and EEG synchronization is analyzed, with a touch on the use of Omega-complexity and synchronization likelihood methods. In the present study the EEG recorded during adding and subtracting tasks was analyzed with the above methods. It was found that during the adding task the theta band increased in the frontal area, which may be related to activation of working memory processes. Mapping the scalp-distribution of synchronization likelihood also confirmed increased synchronization in the frontal area in addition to which increased values were found in the left temporo-parietal area. The analysis of linear and nonlinear EEG synchronization associated with cognitive processing is suitable to explore the task-related and region specific features of these events.
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