It has been argued that neutrinos originating from ultrahigh energy cosmic rays can produce black holes deep in the atmosphere in models with TeV-scale quantum gravity. Such black-hole events could be observed at the Auger Observatory. However, any phenomenologically viable model with a low scale of quantum gravity must explain how to preserve protons from rapid decay. We argue that the suppression of proton decay will also suppress lepton-nucleon scattering and hence black-hole production by scattering of ultrahigh energy cosmic ray neutrinos in the atmosphere. We discuss explicitly the split fermion solution to the problem of fast proton decay.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.041303 | DOI Listing |
Nat Commun
January 2025
Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO) into sustainable fuels and base chemicals requires precise control over and understanding of activity, selectivity and stability descriptors of the electrocatalyst under operation. Identification of the active phase under working conditions, but also deactivation factors after prolonged operation, are of the utmost importance to further improve electrocatalysts for electrochemical CO conversion. Here, we present a multiscale in situ investigation of activation and deactivation pathways of oxide-derived copper electrocatalysts under CO reduction conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China. Electronic address:
In this study, the improvement mechanism of yeast proteins (YPs) with the ultrasonic and pH shifting treatment on the emulsion stability was investigated through the solubility, protein structure and interface behavior of YPs. Compared with only pH shifting or ultrasound treatment, the solubility of YPs with the combined treatment of ultrasonic and pH shifting was increased significantly. The soluble protein content of pH-U400 reached 85.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoft Matter
January 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
The impact of animal-based food production on climate change drives the development of plant-based alternatives. We demonstrate the use of colloidal thermogelation on a real nanoemulsion system to create structured gels that could be of interest for thermo-mechanical processing of next-generation plant-based food applications. We use a commercial pea protein isolate (PPI) without further purification to stabilize a 20 vol% peanut oil-in-water nanoemulsion at pH = 7 by high-pressure homogenization (HPH) and demonstrate the temperature induced gelation behavior of the nanoemulsion as a function of the HPH processing parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Korea.
This study investigates the optimization of mechanical milling parameters to enhance the recycling of Ti6Al4V machining chips, addressing a significant challenge in sustainable materials processing. The influence of ball-to-powder ratio (BPR) and ball size distribution on powder characteristics, including crystallite size, particle size, and phase composition, was systematically examined. Key findings include a 30% reduction in crystallite size, with the smallest crystallite size of 51.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Medical and surgical treatments for cystic echinococcosis (CE) are challenged by various complications. This study evaluates in vitro protoscolicidal activity of piperine-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (PIP-MSNs) against protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus. MSNs were prepared by adding tetraethyl orthosilicate to cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and NaOH, and then loaded with PIP.
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