Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA circulates in the blood of persistently infected patients in lipoviroparticles (LVPs), which are heterogeneous in density and associated with host lipoproteins and antibodies. The variability and lability of these virus-host complexes on fractionation has hindered our understanding of the structure of LVP and determination of the physicochemical properties of the HCV virion. In this study, HCV from an antibody-negative immunodeficient patient was analyzed using three fractionation techniques, NaBr gradients, isotonic iodixanol, and sucrose gradient centrifugation. Iodixanol gradients were shown to best preserve host lipoprotein-virus complexes, and all HCV RNA was found at densities below 1.13 g/ml, with the majority at low density, < or =1.08 g/ml. Immunoprecipitation with polyclonal antibodies against human ApoB and ApoE precipitated 91.8% and 95.0% of HCV with low density, respectively, suggesting that host lipoprotein is closely associated with HCV in a particle resembling VLDL. Immunoprecipitation with antibodies against glycoprotein E2 precipitated 25% of HCV with low density, providing evidence for the presence of E2 in LVPs. Treatment of serum with 0.5% deoxycholic acid in the absence of salt produced HCV with a density of 1.12 g/ml and a sedimentation coefficient of 215S. The diameters of these particles were calculated as 54 nm. Treatment of serum with 0.18% NP-40 produced HCV with a density of 1.18 g/ml, a sedimentation coefficient of 180S, and a diameter of 42 nm. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that ApoB remained associated with HCV after treatment of serum with deoxycholic acid or NP-40, whereas ApoE was removed from HCV with these detergents.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.80.5.2418-2428.2006 | DOI Listing |
BMC Pharmacol Toxicol
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Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Ishaka - Bushenyi, Uganda.
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Faculty of Chemical & Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
Palm kernel shell (PKS) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) are potential biomass resources for producing solid biofuel for energy applications. However, raw EFB and PKS are not uniform in size and pose rotting behavior. Torrefaction and co-pelletization are both effective methods to improve their combustion and mechanical characteristics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Psychiatry
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Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Ketamine, a dissociative compound, shows promise in treating mood disorders, including treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Despite its therapeutic potential, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying ketamine's effects are not fully understood. This study explored acute neurophysiological changes induced by subanesthetic doses of ketamine in BD patients with depression using electroencephalography (EEG) biomarkers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis
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Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria. Electronic address:
Background And Aims: The interaction of serum uric acid (SUA) with atherogenesis is incompletely understood. Aim of our study was to investigate the association of SUA levels with coronary plaque composition including high-risk-plaque (HRP) features by coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and for the prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE).
Methods And Results: 1242 patients (age 66.
Adv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas1508 W Mulberry St, Denton, TX, 76201, USA.
Efficient removal of TcO from radioactive effluents while recovering drinking water remains a challenge. Herein, an excellent ReO (a nonradioactive surrogate of TcO ) scavenger is presented through covalently bonding imidazolium poly(ionic liquids) polymers with an ionic porous aromatic framework (iPAF), namely iPAF-P67, following an adsorption-site density-addition strategy. It shows rapid sorption kinetics, high uptake capacity, and exceptional selectivity toward ReO .
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