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Message: Undefined array key "choices"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: models/Detail_model.php
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Function: strpos
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Function: insertAPISummary
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Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 257
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Objective: To evaluate the states of inflammation, oxidative stress and carbonyl stress in uremic patients and analyze their relationships.
Methods: One hundred and twenty-eight cases were divided into 6 groups: non-dialysis uremia group (n=25), peritoneal dialysis group (n=19), hemophan(Hem) membrane dialysis group (n=25), polyamide (PS) membrane dialysis group (n=25), diabetes with normal renal function group (n= 23) and normal control group (n=11). Spectrophotometry and immune turbidimetry were used to measure the serum SOD, VitC, VitE, MDA and total carbonyl compounds (TCC) levels.
Results: Compared with non-uremia groups, the uremia groups had lower serum SOD, VitE and VitC levels, but higher CRP, MDA and TCC levels (P < 0.01). The peritoneal dialysis group had higher SOD, VitC, VitE levels in comparison with the Hem group, but did not differ from PS group in those levels (P > 0.05). The MDA and TCC levels in the peritoneal dialysis group were lower than those in the two hemodialysis groups, but there were no significant differences in CRP level between the groups. Compared with Hem group, the PS group had higher VitC, VitE levels, higher TCC clearance, and the same SOD, MDA, CRP and pre-dialysis TCC levels. When the variables were analyzed with TCC, the results of multi-variate regression showed that the standardized coefficients were MDA (0.727, P < 0.01), CRP (0.370, P < 0.01), SOD (0.192, P < 0.05), VitC (-0.153, P < 0.01), VitE (0.054, P = 0.30) respectively.
Conclusion: Uremic patients are in inflammatory, oxidative-stress and carbonyl-stress states. Inflammation and oxidative stress are probably the important mechanism of carbonyl stress. It is not yet clear whether dialysis methods can influence uremic inflammatory, oxidative-stress or carbonyl-stress state.
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