Novel butterfly pyrene derivatives functionalized with trifluoromethylphenyl and thienyl aromatic groups in the 1-, 3-, 6- and 8-positions of pyrene cores and have been synthesized by Suzuki coupling reactions, and their crystal structures, optical and electrochemical properties investigated; additionally, the field effect transistor using as the active material exhibited a p-type performance.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b515433b | DOI Listing |
Chem Sci
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
Traditional tetrahedral-based mid-to-far infrared (MFIR) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals often face limitations due to the optical anisotropy constraints imposed by their highly symmetric structures. In contrast, the relatively rare trigonal pyramidal [TeS] functional unit characterized by its asymmetric structure and stereochemically active lone pair (SCALP), offers improved optical anisotropy, hyperpolarizability and a broader IR transparency range. Despite its potential, synthetic challenges have hindered the development of MFIR NLO crystals that incorporate this unit, with only one example reported to date.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pediatr Urol
January 2025
Division of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USC Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address:
Background: The current gold-standard for detecting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). However, VCUGs require ionizing radiation and bladder catheterization that can be challenging to perform and traumatic for pediatric patients and their parents.
Objective: To investigate the feasibility of a novel urinary catheter-free modality for diagnosing VUR using in vitro and ex vivo models.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
January 2025
Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
The partitioning of global biodiversity into biogeographic regions is critical for understanding the impacts of global-scale ecological and evolutionary processes on species assemblages as well as prioritizing areas for conservation. However, the lack of globally comprehensive data on species distributions precludes fine-scale estimation of biogeographical regionalization for numerous taxa of ecological, economic and conservation interest. Using a recently published phylogeny and novel curated native range maps for over 10 000 species of butterflies around the world, we delineated biogeographic regions for the world's butterflies using phylogenetic dissimilarity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Microbiol
January 2025
Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Background: The endosymbiotic relationship between Wolbachia bacteria and insects has been of interest for many years due to their diverse types of host reproductive phenotypic manipulation and potential role in the host's evolutionary history and population dynamics. Even though infection rates are high in Lepidoptera and specifically in butterflies, and reproductive manipulation is present in these taxa, less attention has been given to understanding how Wolbachia is acquired and maintained in their natural populations, across and within species having continental geographical distributions.
Results: We used whole genome sequencing data to investigate the phylogenetics, demographic history, and infection rate dynamics of Wolbachia in four species of the Spicauda genus of skipper butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), a taxon that presents sympatric and often syntopic distribution, with drastic variability in species abundance in the Neotropical region.
Genome Res
January 2025
Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
Sex chromosomes can expand through fusion with autosomes, thereby acquiring unique evolutionary patterns. In butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), these sex chromosome-autosome (SA) fusions occur relatively frequently, suggesting possible evolutionary advantages. Here, we investigated how SA fusion affects chromosome features and molecular evolution in leafroller moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
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