Exposure to radio frequency (RF) nonionizing radiation from telecommunications is pervasive in modern society. Elevated disease risks have been observed in some populations exposed to radio and television transmissions, although findings are inconsistent. This study quantified RF exposures among 280 residents living near the broadcasting transmitters for Denver, Colorado. RF power densities outside and inside each residence were obtained, and a global positioning system (GPS) identified geographic coordinates and elevations. A view-shed model within a geographic information system (GIS) characterized the average distance and percentage of transmitters visible from each residence. Data were collected at the beginning and end of a 2.5-day period, and some measurements were repeated 8-29 months later. RF levels logged at 1-min intervals for 2.5 days varied considerably among some homes and were quite similar among others. The greatest differences appeared among homes within 1 km of the transmitters. Overall, there were no differences in mean residential RF levels compared over 2.5 days. However, after a 1- to 2-year follow-up, only 25% of exterior and 38% of interior RF measurements were unchanged. Increasing proximity, elevation, and line-of-sight visibility were each associated with elevated RF exposures. At average distances from > 1-3 km, exterior RF measurements were 13-30 times greater among homes that had > 50% of the transmitters visible compared with homes with < or = 50% visibility at those distances. This study demonstrated that both spatial and temporal factors contribute to residential RF exposure and that GPS/GIS technologies can improve RF exposure assessment and reduce exposure misclassification.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8237 | DOI Listing |
Sci Bull (Beijing)
January 2025
School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Particle Acceleration Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address:
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Let Vladivostoku Prosp., 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
The structure and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of sulfated polysaccharides (Mzpt) obtained in high yield (60 %) from tetrasporophytes of Mazzaella parksii were studied. Stepwise fractionation with KCl showed that Mzpt consisted of eight (MzptF1-MzptF8) carrageenans fractions, differing in structure and molecular weight. The yield of non-gelling MzptF8 was 58.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Cancer
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Unité de Sénologie, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Background: Most breast cancers are detected at an early stage in which case conservative surgery is indicated. An accurate preoperative localization technique is essential for conservative surgery of non-palpable breast lesions. Currently, the gold standard technique is wire localization (WL).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Cancer
January 2025
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Seoul, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 59, Daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04401, Republic of Korea.
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Microsyst Nanoeng
January 2025
Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) filters find applications in radio frequency (RF) communication systems for Wi-Fi, 3G, 4G, and 5G networks. In the beyond-5G (potential 6G) era, high-frequency bands (>8 GHz) are expected to require resonators with high-quality factor (Q) and electromechanical coupling ( ) to form filters with low insertion loss and high selectivity. However, both the Q and of resonator devices formed in traditional uniform polarization piezoelectric films of aluminum nitride (AlN) and aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) decrease when scaled beyond 8 GHz.
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