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A Comparative Study of Nalbuphine, Clonidine, and Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvants to Ropivacaine in Epidural Anesthesia for Lower Limb Surgery.
Cureus
December 2024
Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND.
Background: In epidural anaesthesia, the addition of an adjuvant to local anaesthetics enhances the efficacy, thereby providing increased duration and intensity of blockade in lower limb surgeries. The aim was to compare the efficacy, onset, and duration of sensory and motor blockade; haemodynamic changes; and sedative and analgesic effects of nalbuphine, clonidine, and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in epidural anaesthesia.
Methodology: A prospective, randomised, double-blind study among 90 patients after taking consent was divided into three groups (30 patients each; Group D received 15 ml of 0.
Comparison of Bupivacaine plus Dexmedetomidine versus Bupivacaine plus Fentanyl for Caudal Block in Pediatric Infraumbilical Surgery.
Mymensingh Med J
January 2025
Dr Md Khairul Kabir Khan, Junior Consultant, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
Different additives have been used to improve the duration and quality of analgesia of the local anaesthetic used in the single-dose caudal block technique, such as opioids, epinephrine, clonidine, neostigmine, etc. Dexmedetomidine is a potent and a highly selective α2-adrenergic agonist having a sympatholytic, sedative, and analgesic effect and has been described as a safe and effective additive in many anaesthetic and analgesic techniques. Another agent is Fentanyl, a lipophilic opioid, is added frequently to local anaesthetics which least likely to cause respiratory depression when given extradurally, because of its high lipid solubility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResearch Status of Different Adjuvants on Nerve Block's Effect.
Pain Physician
November 2024
The Second Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China.
Background: Acute postoperative pain is one of the most common challenges faced by patients who undergo surgery. Multimodal analgesia has been recommended in recent years to effectively control this condition. Nerve blocks are an important part of multimodal analgesia; a single peripheral nerve block is widely used in clinical practice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEfficacy of dexamethasone or clonidine as adjuvants in interscalene brachial plexus block for preventing rebound pain after shoulder surgery: a randomized clinical trial.
Braz J Anesthesiol
November 2024
Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde do Adulto, São Luis, MA, Brazil. Electronic address:
Background: Rebound pain is believed to involve both nociceptive pain due to insufficient analgesia and hyperalgesia induced by regional anesthesia. Adjuvant's addition could prevent rebound pain. This study aimed to determine if the addition of dexamethasone or clonidine to local anesthetic when performing interscalene block could prevent rebound pain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative Analysis of the Postoperative Analgesic Effects of Caudal Epidural Injection of Ropivacaine Combined With Fentanyl Versus Ropivacaine Alone in Lumbosacral Spine Surgeries: A Randomized Double-Blinded Study.
Cureus
October 2024
Anesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND.
Introduction: A single injection of local anesthetic as a caudal epidural block provides pain relief for 2-4 hours. This duration can be extended by adding adjuvants such as opioids (morphine, fentanyl, buprenorphine, tramadol), ketamine, α2 agonists (dexmedetomidine, clonidine), and adrenaline. Caudal analgesia also reduces the need for intravenous opioids during and after surgery, which helps avoid the systemic side effects of opioids.
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