Objective: We compared beta synchronization associated with voluntary finger movement with beta synchronization produced by sensory stimulation, in order to better understand the relationship between event-related beta synchronization (ERS) and the different afferent inputs.
Methods: Twenty-four subjects performed an index finger extension. They also received three types of electrical stimulation (cutaneous stimulation of the index finger, single and repetitive stimulation of the median nerve). An EEG was recorded using 38 scalp electrodes. Beta ERS was analyzed with respect to movement offset and the stimulus (or the last stimulus in the series, for repetitive stimulation).
Results: Median nerve stimulation and finger extension induced more intense beta ERS than cutaneous stimulation. The magnitude of beta ERS induced by movement or by single median nerve stimulation were not different but post movement beta synchronization duration was longer than beta ERS induced by single median nerve stimulation and cutaneous stimulation.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that beta ERS depends on the type and quantity of the afferent input.
Significance: This work reinforces the hypothesis of a relationship between beta ERS and processing of afferent inputs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2005.12.001 | DOI Listing |
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Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil. Electronic address:
The aims of this study were to investigate the localization of non-phosphorylated β‑catenin and Galectin-3 (GAL-3), the regulation of the expression of both proteins by activation of estrogen receptors (ERs) and their role in tumorigenic characteristics of androgen-independent prostate cancer DU-145 cells. DU-145 cells were cultured in the absence (control), and presence of 17β-estradiol (E2). Cells were also untreated or pre-treated with the inhibitor of GAL‑3, VA03, or with a compound that disrupts the complex β-catenin-TCF/LEF transcription factor, PKF 118-310.
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Department of Gynecology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China. Electronic address:
People with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) carry a considerable risk of developing dementia. Studies have shown that female sex hormones have long-lasting neuroprotective and anti-aging properties, and the increased risk of MCI and AD is associated with the lack of estrogen during menopause. Previous studies have shown that Tiao Geng Decoction (TGD) may have antioxidant and anti apoptotic properties, which may prevent neurodegenerative diseases.
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