Background: Flowability and viscosity vary for different adhesive systems owing to differences in their composition. These characteristics can be modified by environmental temperature.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of temperature on the spreading (flow capacity) of simplified-step adhesive systems.
Materials And Methods: Spreading velocities of adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond and Single Bond Plus [3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA]; Prime & Bond 2.1 and Prime & Bond NT [Dentsply Indústria e Comércio Ltda, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil]; Adper Prompt [3M ESPE]; and One Up Bond F [Tokuyama Corp, Tokyo, Japan]) were analyzed at intervals of 10, 15, 20, and 30 seconds at both 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C by placing 10 microL drops on a glass slide surface with an inclination of 45 degrees. The spreading of each adhesive system was measured in millimeters per second.
Results: Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls tests. Regression analysis was used to determine a correlation between spreading velocity and time. Statistical significance was considered at a confidence level of 95%. Temperature influenced the spreading velocity, increasing it for Single Bond and Prime & Bond 2.1 and decreasing it for Adper Prompt (p < .05). No differences on spreading were observed for the other adhesives studied (p >.05). Regression analysis of each adhesive system demonstrated an inverse correlation between mean spreading velocity and time (R2 = .999) on both temperatures.
Conclusions: Temperature increases yielded an increase of spreading for Single Bond and Prime & Bond 2.1. The influence of temperature on the spreading velocity was material dependent.
Clinical Significance: Environmental temperature can influence the rate of spreading of the adhesive system in clinically relevant times and may influence adhesive thickness on cavity walls.
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