A comparative study was carried out to observe the effects of ethanol, acetylcholine and adrenaline on various parameters of the contraction cycle of rabbit intestine. Acetylcholine and adrenaline were used in concentrations of 10(-3), either alone or in combination with absolute ethanol. The results showed that ethanol and acetylcholine had no effect on the rate of intestinal contractions while adrenaline increased it significantly. However, all these drugs decreased the active tension of the contracting intestine, the decrease being minimum for ethanol, moderate for acetylcholine and maximum for adrenaline. On the contrary, a small transient decrease in resting tension was produced by ethanol and this occurred at a very fast rate while adrenaline produced a marked decrease in this parameter, its rate being 6-10 times slower. Ethanol and acetylcholine were also found to increase the resting tension, it being 2 times greater and occurring at a faster rate with acetylcholine. It is suggested that these drugs produce their effect by altering resting membrane potential, Ca++ and other ion fluxes.
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Exp Appl Acarol
December 2024
Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India.
Two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch is a devastating polyphagous mite causing considerable economic loss. Acaricides are showered in crops to manage this pest. The pest is known for developing resistance to several classical acaricides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacol Biochem Behav
January 2025
Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Electronic address:
Alcohol is widely consumed worldwide and its abuse can cause cognitive dysfunction, affecting memory and learning due to several neurophysiological changes. An imbalance in several neurotransmitters, including the cholinergic and glutamatergic systems, have been implicated in these effects. Zebrafish are sensitive to alcohol, respond to reward stimuli, and tolerate and exhibit withdrawal behaviors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Clin Neurosci
July 2024
Faculty of Higher Studies Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Transl Psychiatry
November 2024
Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPHE, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France.
Genome wide association and animal studies have implicated genetic variations in CHRNΑ5, encoding the α5 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α5*nAChRs), as a risk factor for developing alcohol use disorders (AUDs). To understand how α5*nAChR mutations may influence alcohol (EtOH) drinking behavior, we used a two-bottle choice procedure with intermittent access to alcohol in male and female transgenic mice expressing either the highly frequent human single nucleotide polymorphism (α5SNP/rs16969968) or a deletion of the Chrna5 gene (α5KO). AUDs-related preconsommatory traits (anxiety, sensation-seeking and impulsivity) were assessed with a battery of relevant tasks (elevated-plus maze, novel place preference and step-down inhibitory avoidance).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
October 2024
Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Area, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States of America.
Adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure, which models heavy binge ethanol intake in adolescence, leads to a variety of deficits that persist into adulthood-including suppression of the cholinergic neuron phenotype within the basal forebrain. This is accompanied by a reduction in acetylcholine (ACh) tone in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Voluntary wheel running exercise (VEx) has been shown to rescue AIE-induced suppression of the cholinergic phenotype.
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