Sensory neurons with afferents from hind limbs: enhanced sensitivity in secondary hypertension.

Sensory nerve fibers from the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) may contribute to the regulation of peripheral vascular resistance. Axons of DRG neurons of the lower thoracic cord project mainly to resistance vessels in the lower limbs, likely opposing the vasoconstrictor effects of the sympathetic activity. This mechanism might be of importance in hypertension with increased sympathetic activity. We tested the hypothesis that sensory neurons of the DRG in the lower thoracic cord show an altered sensitivity to mechanical stimuli in hypertension. Neurons from DRG (T11 to L1) of rats with hypertension (2 kidney-1 clip hypertensive rats and 5 of 6 nephrectomized rats) were cultured on coverslips. Current time relationships were established with whole-cell patch recordings. Cells were characterized under control conditions and after exposure to hypoosmotic solutions to induce mechanical stress. Neurons with projections to the kidney were studied for comparison. The hypoosmotic extracellular medium induced a significant change in conductance of the cells in all of the groups of rats. In hypertensive rats, responses of cells with hindlimb axons were significantly different from controls: (2 kidney-1 clip hypertensives: delta-351+/-52 pA and 5 of 6 nephrectomized rats: delta-372+/-43 pA versus controls: delta-190+/-25 pA; P<0.05). Responses of DRG cells with renal afferents to mechanical stress were unaffected. Neurons from DRG in the lower thoracic cord with projections to the lower limbs exhibited an increased sensitivity to mechanical stress. We speculate that this observation may indicate an increased activity of these neurons, their axons, and neurotransmitters in the control of resistance vessels in hypertension.