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Immune Dysregulation in Obesity.
Annu Rev Pathol
January 2025
Diabetes Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
The immune system plays fundamental roles in maintaining physiological homeostasis. With the increasing prevalence of obesity-a state characterized by chronic inflammation and systemic dyshomeostasis-there is growing scientific and clinical interest in understanding how obesity reshapes immune function. In this review, we propose that obesity is not merely an altered metabolic state but also a fundamentally altered immunological state.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociations between the gut microbiome, inflammation and cardiovascular profiles in people with HIV.
J Infect Dis
January 2025
School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Background: Inflammation and innate immune activation are associated with chronic HIV infection, despite effective treatment. Although gut microbiota alterations are linked to systemic inflammation, the relationships between the gut microbiome, inflammation and HIV remain unclear.
Methods: The UPBEAT-CAD sub-study, examining cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in HIV, enrolled participants matched on HIV status and traditional CVD risk factors.
Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Biomechanical Loading-Induced Imbalance in Bone and Fat, Leading to Ossification in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Nucleus Pulposus Degeneration.
J Cell Physiol
January 2025
Department of Spine, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
In this study, we explored the impact of different biomechanical loadings on lumbar spine motion segments, particularly concerning intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). We aimed to uncover the cellular milieu and mechanisms driving ossification in the nucleus pulposus (NP) during IVDD, a process whose underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. The study involved the examination of fresh NP tissue from the L3-S1 segment of five individuals, either with IVDD or healthy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACSL1 Aggravates Thromboinflammation by LPC/LPA Metabolic Axis in Hyperlipidemia Associated Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.
Adv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions and Remodeling, Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with well-established metabolic risk factors, especially hyperlipidemia and obesity. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (mIRI) significantly offsets the therapeutic efficacy of revascularization. Previous studies indicated that disrupted lipid homeostasis can lead to lipid peroxidation damage and inflammation, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring the alleviating effects of metabolite lactic acid on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through the gut-liver axis.
Front Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Objective: This study investigates the protective effects of lactic acid, a metabolite of , on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a high-sugar, high-fat diet (HFD) in mice, in the context of the gut-liver axis.
Methods: A NAFLD mouse model was established using a HFD, and different intervention groups were set up to study the protective effects of and its metabolite lactic acid. The groups included a control group, NAFLD group, treatment group, Glyceraldehyde-3-P (G-3P) co-treatment group, and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) overexpression group.
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