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Introduction: Screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia through the measurement of 17-hydroxyprogesterone on the neonatal blood spot aims to: a) prevent neonatal deaths; b) allow earlier identification and thereby decrease the severity of the initial salt-wasting episode; and c) shorten the time during which a severely virilized genetic female newborn may be assigned the male sex. It is now practiced in the majority of high-income countries, although the positive predictive value of the test is very low in infants born preterm, who seem to be infrequently affected. In almost all low- and middle-income countries, it has not yet been implemented.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Scoping Review of Masculinity Norms and Their Interplay With Loneliness and Social Connectedness Among Men in Western Societies.
Am J Mens Health
December 2024
Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden.
This scoping review explores what is currently understood about how masculinity norms interplay with loneliness and social connectedness among men in a Western context. Human beings inherently need social connections, and this review particularly addresses how traditional masculinity norms-emphasizing independence, emotional stoicism, and pain endurance-can increase vulnerability to loneliness and insufficient social connections. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews and systematically assessed the literature published between September 2013 and September 2023.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong term effects of aromatase inhibitor treatment in patients with aromatase excess syndrome.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
December 2024
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Aromatase excess syndrome (AEXS) is a rare genetic disorder that leads to excessive conversion of androgens to estrogens, causing issues like gynecomastia and delayed puberty in males, and fewer cases reported in females.
- A family study revealed that all four members with AEXS shared a specific genetic deletion, and the long-term use of aromatase inhibitors like letrozole improved symptoms such as accelerated growth and gynecomastia.
- Treatment outcomes varied among family members: significant gains in adult height and reduction of gynecomastia were noted in the male patients, while the female sibling experienced normal puberty development and growth with a combination of therapies.*
A woman in her 70s presented with features of hyperandrogenism including clitoral enlargement and deepening of her voice. Biochemical investigations revealed raised plasma androgens and urinary androgen metabolites and imaging findings showed a highly F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET avid left adrenal tumour initially suspected to be a malignant adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). She subsequently underwent an uncomplicated laparoscopic adrenalectomy where complete resection of her tumour was achieved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Toxic Masculinity Scale: Development and Initial Validation.
Behav Sci (Basel)
November 2024
School of Psychological Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
The present study sought to develop and validate the Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS). Following scale development best practices, a thorough review of the literature and existing measures was conducted. Next, a qualitative inquiry using a grounded theory approach was employed to develop a data-driven definition of toxic masculinity and 165 proposed instrument items.
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