Digital image analysis was used to measure dimensions of spores produced by Puccinia coronata, P. graminis, P. hordei, P. recondita, P. striiformis and P. triticina. Included were teliospores, basidiospores, urediniospores and, except for P. striiformis, pycniospores and aeciospores. Length, width and projection area of spores were measured with NIH Image or Scion software. By using limits on size, spores were automatically selected and measured, except for teliospores, which required manual elimination of the pedicel and separation of images of adhering spores. Length and width were determined as the major and minor axes of the best fitting ellipse for each spore. This procedure gave values for length and width close to results obtained with an ocular micrometer. Projection area was determined as the number of pixels within spore boundaries multiplied by the area represented by each pixel, giving values that are not feasible to obtain accurately with an ocular micrometer. Of the species studied, spores of P. recondita had the largest dimensions, P. triticina had the smallest. The rank of the six species based on increasing width, length or projection area was almost the same, using each spore type except pycniospores. Generally, differences of 5% in a given spore dimension between two species were significant. Differences between species were greater with basidiospores and aeciospores than with other spore types. Teliospores were unique in that length and width were negatively correlated, resulting in less variation in area than in length or width. The results indicate that image analysis is useful for measuring spore dimensions, that projection area of spores is a useful added parameter for characterizing rust species and that dimensions of teliospores, basidiospores, aeciospores and urediniospores each are potentially useful for differentiating species.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.2.474 | DOI Listing |
Theor Appl Genet
January 2025
Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
Loss-of-function mutations induced by CRISPR-Cas9 in the TaGS3 gene homoeologs show non-additive dosage-dependent effects on grain size and weight and have potential utility for increasing grain yield in wheat. The grain size in cereals is one of the component traits contributing to yield. Previous studies showed that loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in GS3, encoding Gγ subunit of the multimeric G protein complex, increase grain size and weight in rice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Ophthalmol
January 2025
Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
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Environ Pollut
January 2025
Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China. Electronic address:
Cr(VI) is widely used in industry and has high toxicity, making it one of the most common environmental pollutants. Long-term exposure to Cr(VI) can cause metabolic disorders and tissue damage. However, the effects of Cr(VI) on liver and gut microbes in fish have rarely been reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, 130102, Jilin Province, China.
The expansion of irrigated agriculture in semi-arid regions exacerbates the degradation of wetland ecosystems. Precision water recharge can facilitate near-natural restoration of degraded wetlands by alleviating the conflict between wetlands and agricultural water use. However, although the ecological significance of precision water recharge as a nature-based solution for restoring wetland vegetation has been widely acknowledged, the mechanisms driving its role in spikelet development and seed growth in Carex schmidtii Meinsh.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPoult Sci
January 2025
College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China. Electronic address:
The Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) gene is closely associated with the diseases, fat deposition, and growth and reproduction traits in animals. Investigations into the relationship between the IGF2BP2 gene polymorphism and growth and reproduction traits provide valuable breeding information for enhancing productivity and economic gains in pigeon. In this study, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 13 exons and the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the IGF2BP2 gene in 292 female pigeons Tianxiang 1 strain were detected through Sanger sequencing, and their association with pigeons' growth and reproduction traits were explored.
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