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Purpose: To what extent response mode and experience affect the assessment of disability was investigated.
Method: An experiment was conducted in which 34 medical doctors (17 inexperienced and 15 experienced) were required to assess disability of a videotaped client. Participants either gave a probability assessment after each piece of information or only after all information had been processed (step-by-step, SBS, or end-of-sequence, EOS). They were furthermore required to indicate how confident they were of their judgement and which information was most important for their judgement.
Results: Neither response mode nor experience affected the assessment of disability. Only experienced doctors changed their judgement after seeing the video as compared to their judgement after reading the file. Even though all doctors became more confident after seeing the video, this increase was stronger for experienced than inexperienced doctors. Experienced doctors more often mentioned limitations as the basis for their judgements and, to a lesser degree, client's motivation to return to work than inexperienced doctors.
Conclusions: The results suggest that assessments of disability are largely based on the initial representation that is formed after reading the file. The main pitfall is that the final representation is based on general beliefs rather than on actual client information. For training and support this would mean that doctors should be made aware of the extent to which their assessment is anchored in the case at hand.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638280500163794 | DOI Listing |
BMC Med Educ
December 2024
Department of Primary Care & Clinical Simulation, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Background: New Zealand guidelines stipulate that patient consent is obtained for medical student involvement in clinical care, however, patients' preferences regarding consent for medical student teaching have not been widely explored. This study examined patient preferences for consent for medical student teaching with the aim to increase patient empowerment, to optimise care and to reflect societal expectations more accurately.
Method: Observational, semi-qualitative, cross-sectional study of in-patients.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
December 2024
Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan; Center for Diversity and Inclusion, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan. Electronic address:
Concerns have been raised regarding acetamiprid (ACE), a neonicotinoid insecticide, due to its potential neurodevelopmental toxicity. ACE, which is structurally similar to nicotine, acts as an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and resists degradation by acetylcholinesterase. Furthermore, ACE has been reported to disrupt neuronal transmission and induce developmental neurotoxicity and ataxia in animal models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Plant Res
December 2024
Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), a specialized mode of photosynthetic carbon assimilation characterized by nocturnal fixation of atmospheric CO and vacuolar malic acid storage, is found in a wide variety of vascular plant species, mainly those inhabiting water-limited environments. Identifying and characterizing diverse CAM species enhances our understanding of the physiological, ecological, and evolutionary significance of CAM photosynthesis. In this study, we examined the effect of CO elimination on chlorophyll fluorescence-based photosynthetic parameters in two constitutive CAM Kalanchoe species and six orchids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Cell Environ
December 2024
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
The evolutionary arms race between plants and insects has led to key adaptive innovations that drive diversification. Alkaloids are well-documented anti-herbivory compounds in plant chemical defences, but how these specialized metabolites are allocated to cope with both biotic and abiotic stresses concomitantly is largely unknown. To examine how plants prioritize their metabolic resources responding to herbivory and cold, we integrated dietary toxicity bioassay in insects with co-expression analysis, hierarchical clustering, promoter assay, and protein-protein interaction in plants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhotoacoustics
February 2025
Dipartimento di Scienze di Base ed Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome 00161, Italy.
A compact and robust optical excitation photoacoustic sensor with a self-integrated laser module excitation and an optimized differential resonator was developed to achieve high sensitivity and full linear range detection of carbon dioxide (CO) based on dual modes of wavelength modulated photoacoustic spectroscopy (WMPAS) and resonant frequency tracking (RFT). The integrated laser module equipped with three lasers (a quantum cascade laser (QCL), a distributed feedback laser (DFB) and a He-Ne laser) working in a time-division multiplexing mode was used as an integrated set of spectroscopic sources for detection of the designated concentration levels of CO. With the absorption photoacoustic mode, the WMPAS detection with the QCL and DFB sources was capable of CO detection at concentrations below 20 %, yielding a noise equivalent concentration (NEC) as low as 240 ppt and a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient (NNEA) of 4.
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