We investigate the transfer of energy from large scales to small scales in fully developed forced three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) turbulence by analyzing the results of direct numerical simulations in the absence of an externally imposed uniform magnetic field. Our results show that the transfer of kinetic energy from large scales to kinetic energy at smaller scales and the transfer of magnetic energy from large scales to magnetic energy at smaller scales are local, as is also found in the case of neutral fluids and in a way that is compatible with the Kolmogorov theory of turbulence. However, the transfer of energy from the velocity field to the magnetic field is a highly nonlocal process in Fourier space. Energy from the velocity field at large scales can be transferred directly into small-scale magnetic fields without the participation of intermediate scales. Some implications of our results to MHD turbulence modeling are also discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.72.046301 | DOI Listing |
Langmuir
January 2025
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
Metallic Zn is a promising anode for high-safety, low-cost, and large-scale energy storage systems. However, it is strongly hindered by unstable electrode/electrolyte interface issues, including zinc dendrite, corrosion, passivation, and hydrogen evolution reactions. In this work, an in situ interface protection strategy is established by turning the corrosion/passivation byproducts (zinc hydroxide sulfates, ZHSs) into a stable hybrid protection layer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Stat Assoc
April 2021
University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Latent time series models such as (the independent sum of) ARMA(, ) models with additional stochastic processes are increasingly used for data analysis in biology, ecology, engineering, and economics. Inference on and/or prediction from these models can be highly challenging: (i) the data may contain outliers that can adversely affect the estimation procedure; (ii) the computational complexity can become prohibitive when the time series are extremely large; (iii) model selection adds another layer of (computational) complexity; and (iv) solutions that address (i), (ii), and (iii) simultaneously do not exist in practice. This paper aims at jointly addressing these challenges by proposing a general framework for robust two-step estimation based on a bounded influence M-estimator of the wavelet variance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Nutr
January 2025
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Background: Triglyceride glucose (TyG) index has been proposed as a credible and simple surrogate indicator for insulin resistance. The primary aim of this study was to novelly examine the associations between dietary patterns reflecting variations in circulating TyG index and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods: This study included 120,988 participants from the UK Biobank, all of whom completed multiple 24-h dietary assessments.
R Soc Open Sci
January 2025
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 275-8564, Japan.
Corals have been used as geochemical proxies since the 1970s, playing a prominent role in paleoceanography. However, it has not been well elucidated how aqueous ions sourced from seawater are transported and precipitated in coral skeletons. There are limited foundational methods to differentiate and quantify biogenic and abiogenic effects during skeletal formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground The role of specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles as a risk factor for susceptibility, protection, and response to cyclophosphamide (CYC) treatment has been studied in patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). This study investigates the association of class II HLA alleles and the treatment outcome in children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) who were treated with CYC. Methods A total of 77 children who were diagnosed with SDNS and had received CYC at least a year before were enrolled.
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