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Background: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with prodromal gastrointestinal (GI) issues often emerging decades before motor symptoms. Pathologically, PD can be driven by accumulation of misfolded alpha synuclein (aSyn) protein in the brain and periphery, including the GI tract. Disease epidemiology differs by sex, with men twice as likely to develop PD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSex differences in expression of CGRP family of receptors and ligands in the rat trigeminal system.
J Headache Pain
November 2024
Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Article Synopsis
- Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a significant member of the calcitonin family and is concentrated in the trigeminovascular system (TVS), which is relevant for migraine treatment.
- The study involved dissection of trigeminal ganglia from male and female rats, assessing the expression of various peptides and their receptors using techniques like immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR.
- Results indicated a higher expression of CGRP mRNA in both genders, a notable increase of receptor activity-modifying protein-1 (RAMP1) in females, and the presence of varying peptides and receptors localized in the TG neurons, emphasizing CGRP's crucial role in the TVS.
The deuterated pyrazoloquinolinone targeting α6 subunit-containing GABA receptor as novel candidate for inhibition of trigeminovascular system activation: implication for migraine therapy.
Front Pharmacol
August 2024
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Introduction: The α6 subunit-containing GABA receptors (α6GABARs) are highly expressed in the trigeminal ganglia (TG), the sensory hub of the trigeminovascular system (TGVS). Hypo-GABAergic transmission in the TG was reported to contribute to migraine-related behavioral and histopathological phenotypes. Previously, we found that Compound 6, an α6GABAR-selective positive allosteric modulator (PAM), significantly alleviated TGVS activation-induced peripheral and central sensitization in a capsaicin-induced migraine-mimicking model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe nociceptive inputs of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus in formalin stimulated mice.
Neurosci Lett
October 2024
Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. Electronic address:
The paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) is an important neuroendocrine center involved in pain regulation, but the nociceptive afferent routes for the nucleus are still unclear. We examined the profile of PVH receiving injurious information by a combination of retrograde tracing with Fluoro-Gold (FG) and FOS expression induced by formalin stimuli. The result showed that formalin injection induced significantly increased expression of FOS in the PVH, among which oxytocin containing neurons are one neuronal phenotype.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStress-induced impairment of parasympathetic NO-mediated inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction in submucosal arteriole of rat rectum.
Pflugers Arch
October 2024
Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
In the gastrointestinal tract, nitrergic inhibition of the arteriolar contractility has not been demonstrated. Here, we explored whether neurally-released nitric oxide (NO) inhibits sympathetic vasoconstrictions in the rat rectal arterioles. Changes in sympathetic vasoconstrictions and their nitrergic modulation in rats exposed to water avoidance stress (WAS, 10 days, 1 h per day) were also examined.
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